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Report by the Secretary General of the United Nations
Gaps in international environmental law and environment-related instruments:
Towards a global pact for the environment

C. Dispute settlement, compliance, and enforcement mechanisms

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Sections

Summary
I. Introduction
II. Gaps concerning principles of international environmental law
- A. Scope of the principles
- B. Status of the principles
III. Gaps relating to existing regulatory regimes
- A. General
- B. Protection of the atmosphere
- C. Conservation of biological diversity and protection of soils
  - Biological diversity
  - Land degradation and soil protection
- D. Protection of freshwater resources
  - Regulatory framework
  - Normative and institutional gaps
- E. Protection of oceans and seas
- F. Regulation of hazardous substances, wastes and activities
IV. Environment-related instruments
V. Gaps Relating to the governance structure of international environmental law
VI. Gaps relating to the implementation and effectiveness of international environmental law
VII. Conclusions

DOCUMENTS

Multilateral Environmental Agreements - extract from InforMEA e-learning course
International Environmental law-making and Diplomacy Review

ONLINE COURSES

Effectiveness and Compliance of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

External links

Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros ICJ Case (1997)

Whaling in the Antarctic ICJ Case (2014)

Antarctic Treaty Secretariat

Glossary Terms

Compliance mechanism

Dispute settlement

Alternative dispute resolution

Area beyond national jurisdiction

Videos

Non-compliance mechanism

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