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Review of Statutory and Customary Law in the Xe Champhone Ramsar Site, LAO PDR - Implications for a rights-based approach to conservation

… the misfortune and the potential ultimate severity of the penalty and advises villagers on the offerings that must be … village. Statutory law provides for imprisonment as a penalty for criminal violations. Under customary law in the … to be made to placate the spirits and avoid any further penalty. Therefore, customary ‘criminal’ law does not require …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

ASEAN Handbook on legal cooperation to combat wildlife crime

… deprivation of four years imprisonment or a more serious penalty; or (b) as prescribed by national laws 4 Non-native … the table above it seems that all AMS provide a maximum penalty of 4-years or more, with Singapore being the sole … a poor indicator of deterrence, as the value of the penalty – even in those countries with the highest fines – …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Plant protection legislation

… or establishments. In the event of a further offence, the penalty payable for the first offence is usually doubled. … MEXICO are particularly well compiled on this subject. The penalty most often applied is a fine, which may be as much as … not exceeding three months, or both. A special penalty applies to the importation of material without the …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Manual of Compliance with and Enforcement of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… Enforcement Civil Enforcement (violation determined and penalty applied by a court) Administrative Enforcement (violation determined and penalty applied by an administrative agency; usually … and the environment (e.g., in deciding an appropriate penalty in a case.) In conducting an economic valuation, …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Outcome of court trials in the first two years of implementation of the Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 - Courtroom Monitoring Report 2014/2015

… and Management Act (WCMA 2013)1. The law sets the penalty for crimes against endangered species (Section 92) at … non-endangered species under Section 9511 and add the ‘penalty enhancing’ provision under Section 92 in an effort to …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Special Issue on Wildlife Trafficking II

… Class A or B misdemeanor—the statute contains no felony penalty. In all criminal ESA cases, the Government must prove … ESA misdemeanor sanction—even if provable—the appropriate penalty for the conduct at issue? Is a civil or … of Justice gives meaning to the criminal and civil penalty schemes provided by Congress. This article will …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wildlife and Forest Crime Toolkit (Revised Edition)

… of at least four years of imprisonment or a more serious penalty.”31 “Seriousness” refers to the penalty foreseen for an offence under domestic law and thus … the legislation. These will often differ from the actual penalty imposed on an offender. The full spectrum of …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Customary laws: Governing natural resource management in the northern areas

… to decide such issues and impose penalties. Mostly the penalty was in the form of a fine that was determined … are dependent on the financial status of the offender. The penalty is always in the form of a fine in cash or kind, and … people of the village), who assist them in collecting the penalty. c. Haitien (Livestock warden) From September/October …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Rule: Reforming water governance

… stated by the EU Water Framework Directive, enforcement of penalty provisions arising from statutory offences should aim … FOR NON-COMPLIANCE” Each violation should carry a penalty of a nature and gravity appropriate to the … reductions of a given percentage from the normal penalty are possible if the party committing the discharge …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Covering ABS: Addressing the need for sectoral, geographical,legal and international integration in the ABS regime - papers and studies of the ABS Project

… and MAT 161 10.4.3.1 Civil remedies at law 161 10.4.3.2 Penalty measures 166 10.4.4 General remedies and other … importation of biological resources 172 10.4.6.1 General penalty law: Submission by Colombia 172 10.4.6.2 Other penalty measures: Illegal importation of wildlife and other …
21 Sep 2024 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX