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State of Biodiversity in Africa

… can be said definitively to have been met at the global level, some have been achieved partially or on regional or … and the need for livestock fodder during winter gives rise to extensive overgrazing and soil degradation in the … areas for migrating and wintering waterbirds in the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean region (BirdLife International, …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Conservation and sustainable development in mountain areas

… for this unique partnership to do just that, but the level of commitment and active involvement of each member … from the fact that almost all of the world’s major rivers rise within them. They are the source of much of the world’s … upper slopes are clothed in cloud forest. Winds from the sea cool as they rise up the mountain’s slopes, moisture …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Shared resources: Issues of governance

… ........................... 26 2.5.1 The Mediterranean Sea: a case … 45 3.4.6 Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project … 105 7.2 Broad-level management – the Antarctic Treaty System … of the ...Treaty’. The language of Article X has given rise to many debates about whether it is intended to ensure …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Ecosystems protecting infrastructure and communities - Lessons learned and guidelines for implementation

… • Working at different levels from local to global level and engaging different stakeholders • Implementation of … The occurrence of disasters has been generally on the rise for the past three decades (Figure 2). While the number … 2013e). This variability in rainfall, combined with sea- level rise and inland freshwater and resource …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Principles and concepts of international environmental law (Part 1) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… or policy directives which do not necessarily give rise to specific legal rights and obligations. Principles … (i.e. the right of future generations to enjoy a fair level of the common patrimony) and “intra- generational … in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”) as well as in article 20 of the Association of …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Desertification: the invisible frontline

… - decrease in area 1963, 1973, 1987, 1997 and 2001 aral sea - decrease in area 1960, 1990, 2000, and 2010 the … network of canals and levees are depleting the aral sea water resources through infiltration and evaporation, … effective when they are part of a country-wide or regional-level effort to preserve and rehabilitate landscapes. …
18 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Introduction to Freshwater Resources - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… include not only higher temperatures but also rising sea levels, altered precipitation patterns, and an increase … with the adjacent ocean, these withdrawals can cause sea water to be drawn into the aquifers, increasing the … zones. Since most watercourse systems eventually reach the sea, coastal residents bear the effects of freshwater …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Landscape conservation law. Present trends and perspectives in international and comparative law.

… arise at a European scale and need to be tackled at that level (e.g. the CAP); and • as Europeans travel more, they … have an impact on the landscape. Climate change and rising sea levels are also bound to have a far reaching landscape … of the people in the so-called democracy, the rise in crime and fall of morals, state authorities do not …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

UN Environment foresight brief: marine plastics litter and microplastics

… oceans either by direct input from activities happening at sea or the coastline such as fishing, shipping and tourism or … including plastic waste, being discharged into the sea from ships. Environmental, social and economic impacts … United Nations Convention on Oceans and the Law of the Sea 1992 Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine …
18 Jun 2026 Document

Compendium of Summaries of Judgments in Environmen Related Cases

… to carry out capacity building of Judges at national level with the support of UNEP and its partner agencies, • … several dead otters, and the oiling of numerous seals and sea lions. The shellfish and crab fisheries were closed and … legally enforceable right to a healthy environment, giving rise to an action for damages, guaranteed by the 14th …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX