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Perspectives and guidelines on food legislation, with a new model food law

… as a licence to operate a food business) or a monetary penalty. There may be improved efficiency where the law … sanction. Notice is served prior to the imposition of a penalty so as to afford the accused a reasonable opportunity … to accord to the court the power to select the appropriate penalty within the listed range. So long as the upper level …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Guidelines on compliance with and enforcement of multilateral environmental agreements

01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Judicial handbook on environmental law

… requiring cessation of the discharge or a fine or penalty, without the need for a showing that that discharge … assessment of financial sanctions are similar whether the penalty is civil or criminal in nature. Thus, whether a judge is assessing a criminal fine or a civil penalty (in a system which allows for civil penalties), it is …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Governing natural resources and the processes and institutions that affect them : North-West Frontier Province. Legislation.

… an offence liable to punishment by way of imprisonment or penalty under this Ordinance. 142. Notices and … by a local government may, in addition to any other penalty to which he may be liable under the Ordinance or any … to grant any such licence for reasons to be recorded. 55. Penalty for keeping market or slaughter-house open without …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wildlife protection and trafficking assessment in Kenya - Drivers and trends of transnational wildlife crime in Kenya and its role as a transit point for trafficked species in East Africa

01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation

… of offences gives the courts the discretion to match the penalty to the seriousness of the offence. 345 346 347 348 … as the local conditions in which it is committed. Keep penalty schedules updated. Subject to legal practice, the … for example, inflation, so that over the years the penalty will remain a relevant deterrent in contemporary …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Illicit wildlife trafficking: An environmental economic and social issue

01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wildlife Poaching: Africa's surging trafficking threat

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The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and overseas environmental crimes: How did we get here and what happens next?

01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Beyond access : Exploring implementation of the fair and equitable sharing commitment in the CBD

… is convicted, then the user government may charge a penalty (fine), which is paid into the user government’s … For this purpose, the difference between a “remedy” and a “penalty” is as follows: • “Penalty” describes any action intended to punish the offender …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX