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Intellectual property rights in plant varieties: International legal regimes and policy options for national governments
… member states may but are not required to adopt; and (3) a range of policy options for national governments consistent … parties. Under this view, legal protection flows from a state’s commitment to protect human rights, a fact reflected … that includes, for example, a broad and expansive range of exclusive rights, long terms of protection, limits …
Mitigating the impacts of oil palm expansion and operations on biodiversity
… have negative impacts on community livelihoods causing a range of social issues; AWARE of the work by some major … alternative sources; and 3. URGES Members, especially State and Government Agency Members, as well as the private …
B2 - Equitable and Reasonable Use of Water Resources in Practice
… watercourse? 2. Introduction Every watercourse State has the right to use the waters within its territory; … watercourses. This principle requires each watercourse State to ensure, in an ongoing manner, that its use of a … [2] The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)—which range from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the …
High seas bottom trawl fisheries and their impacts on the biodiversity of vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems: Options for international action
… of the numbers of species inhabiting the deep ocean range between 500,000 and 100 million. The development of new … Exclusive Economic Zones is largely a matter of coastal state responsibility. However, the international community as … will also be important to resolve the issue of a coastal state’s authority to protect the benthic biodiversity of its …
Multilateral Environmental Agreements - extract from InforMEA e-learning course
… Forum Time Committee or conference Governments Non-state actors First steps Adoption, signature and deposit … http://leo.informea.org/terms/international-agreement Non-state actors In the negotiating forum, states are the most … with a treaty cannot be achieved without involving a whole range of non-state actors, including civil society groups, …
Evaluation of Mexican Environmental Law Enforcement and Compliance after NAFTA
… time, NAFTA directives for the harmonization of member state’s environmental laws meant that Mexico was compelled to … It sits theoretically between regulation by the market and state-based regulation. Its core a iety is basically … directed (but essentially only supervised), by the state.18 Examples of enforcement methods featured in …
Regional Fisheries Instruments and Bodies
… are not confined to the maritime zones of a single coastal state, management and conservation needs to take place at the … Working Groups and Panels, which deal with a wide range of issues, such as stock assessment, compliance and … in view of the sensitive Antarctic sovereignty issue. A state that becomes party to 1980 CAMLR or even a Member of …
A Gateway to Payments for Ecosystem Services. Using Payments for Ecosystem Services for Livelihoods and Landscapes
… publication which provides a comprehensive overview of the state of ecosystems and of how this relates to human … to absorb external shocks without suffering a change in state. It is therefore central to the overall productivity of … for sustainable forest management (SFM) and elaborates a range of innovative approaches to mobilize new and additional …
Becoming a Party to the Minamata Convention on Mercury
… of mercury, including controls and reductions across a range of products, processes and industries where mercury is … does not bear any legal obligation as such, however, a State is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the … approval, and accession are similar means by which a State establishes its consent to be bound by a treaty, …