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MEA Negotiator’s Handbook

… ourselves to manage the underlying issues on a long-term basis. Partly it is attributable to the limits of the … still indispensable. Ultimately, the two tracks should be mutually reinforcing. The maxim ’Think globally, act locally’ … or course of action that has been previously adopted, agreed, or used. Precedent may be considered binding, meaning …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Governance of Protected Areas: From understanding to action

… legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem … account in broader decision-making. • CBD Parties have agreed to report about governance of protected areas as part … in different ways in aspects of governance. A dynamic and mutually- supportive balance among multiple actors and …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Ratification and Implementation Guidelines

… of this Manual’s contents is the treaty text itself. 1 The term “ratification” in this Manual includes all the various … use and risk. In 2009, the UNEP Governing Council agreed to estab- lish an Intergovernmental Negotiating … agreements in the field of the environment and trade are mutually supportive.” Furthermore, the Preamble also states …
26 May 2026 Document in Chemicals and Waste

The legal framework for the management of animal genetic resources

… genetic resources Agricultural biodiversity is a broad term embracing all components of biological diversity … to national legislation. Access is to be granted on mutually agreed terms, i.e. through agreements under which suppliers …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

IUCN Information Papers on Marine Genetic Resources

… definition of (marine) genetic resources. Indeed, the term “resources” is only defined in Article 133(a) UNCLOS as … prior informed consent (PIC) and the establishment of mutually agreed terms (MAT) between the participating parties. Upon …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wetlands, water and the law. Using law to advance wetland conservation and wise use

… These mechanisms overlap and interlock and should be mutually reinforcing. The book complements the recent work of … of great economic and cultural importance to mankind. The term "wetland" is a relatively new coinage1 that covers a … in Ramsar, Iran on 2 February 1971.3 Its internationally agreed definition describes wetlands very broadly as areas of …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

A critique of transboundary natural resource management in Southern Africa

… management of natural resources is essential for long-term sustainable development in the region. Yet these … Namibia and Botswana. Similarly, South Africa and Namibia agreed to re-locate their international boundary along the … benefits. 2. Gaining legitimacy so that partnerships are mutually beneficial and not domi nated by the powerful and …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

B2 - Equitable and Reasonable Use of Water Resources in Practice

… presented. The case study will focus on the development of mutually beneficial treaties between Canada and the United … Hungary refused to proceed with the project agreed to in an earlier bilateral agreement[1] on the grounds … process, involving all basin states, envisages a long-term, in-depth joint study aimed at determining net equitable …
26 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Conservation with justice - A rights-based approach

… impact on the environment and on people’s livelihoods. The term “rights-based approach” has been used in various … concerns with conservation goals, drawing on a widely agreed upon set of norms specifying the rights and … norms concerning conservation. The two goals should be mutually reinforcing and lead States to adopt and implement a …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Farmers' Rights in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… International Treaty, in the absence of an internationally agreed common ground, the concept of Farmers’ Rights has come … 9 clarifies the issue by providing the internationally agreed common ground that was lacking prior to the adoption …
26 May 2026 Course lesson in Biological Diversity