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Handbook of The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

… following means of dispute settlement as compulsory: (a) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted by … countries 3 25 VC I/6 Subsidiary bodies 3, 6 35, 46 VC I/7 Arbitration procedure 11 59 VC I/8 Designation of Secretariat … Section of the Handbook Page I Rules of procedure 3 69 II Arbitration procedure 2 60 III Terms of reference for the …
17 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Issues o compliance: Considerations for the international Regime on access and benefit sharing

… steps including negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration and judicial settlement.51 These various conflict … multilateral environ- mental agreements. As a last resort arbitration and judicial settlement, as they lead to legally … in an ad hoc agreement after a conflict has arisen. Arbitration is the resolution of a dispute by a judge in …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Transboundary water governance and climate change adaptation: international law, policy guidelines and best practice application

… matters after diplomatic negotiations have broken down. Arbitration is a legal method of dispute settlement which … called a compromise. The use of the Permanent Court of Arbitration is one possible mechanism for conducting arbitral procedures. This type of arbitration (set up by states to decide a case between them) …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Explanatory guide to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

… of Article 12.5 would exclude reference to international arbitration as the preferred mode of dispute resolution under … available, including both resort to national courts and arbitration. For the Contracting Parties, in the exercise of … sovereign rights, to provide for binding international arbitration, would not, in his opinion, be contrary to the …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Third report on the protection of the atmosphere

… 7/52 16-02241 notably in the famous 1938-41 Trail Smelter Arbitration, in which the tribunal confirmed the existence of … para. 43. See also A. K. Kuhn, “The Trail Smelter Arbitration, United States and Canada”, American Journal of … damage by air pollution, dealt with in the Trail Smelter arbitration” as one of the examples of the obligation of …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Judicial handbook on environmental law

… Chief Justice, Sri Lanka • Hon. Justice Luc Lavrysen, Arbitration and Constitutional Court, Belgium • Hon. Justice … 14 Box 7 Definition of a Treaty 15 Box 8 The Trail Smelter Arbitration 17 Box 9 Public Trust and the Environment 25 Box … decision, (Neth/US), Apr. 4, 1928, Permanent Court of Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Publication - An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… such as by negotiation in good faith, mediation, or arbitration; ! the jurisdiction to which the parties will … for alternative dispute resolution, such as mediation or arbitration. 2. Each Party shall ensure that an opportunity … for alternative dispute resolution, such as mediation or arbitration. Finally, Subparagraph (c) concerns alternative …
17 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

The "Greening" of Water Law: Implementing Environment-Friendly Principles in Contemporary Water Law

… legislation, transboundary agreements and related court/arbitration decisions. Site: UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION … legislation, transboundary agreements and related court/arbitration decisions. The course is mainly intended for … and multilateral treaties, domestic legislation and court/arbitration decisions). The second class presents a thematic …
17 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… under article 28(2)(a), disputes can be settled through arbitration. This provision is applicable to a party that is … to the Convention Secretariat, stating that it recognizes arbitration as a compulsory means of resolving disputes in relation to any party that also accepts arbitration. Third, disputes may be resolved by the …
17 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

Gaps in international environmental law and environment-related instruments: towards a global pact for the environment - Report of the Secretary-General

… Since it first appeared in the 1938 Trail Smelter arbitration,15 the prevention of transboundary harm has been … disputes. For example, while the Permanent Court of Arbitration designed procedural rules in 2001 specifically to facilitate the arbitration of disputes relating to the environment and …
17 Jun 2026 Document