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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

… of the sea-bed and subsoil together with sedentary species, such as clams and abalone, as provided in article … of artificial islands and fishing, except for sedentary species on a coastal state’s juridical (legal) continental … seas, but (rather strangely) not in relation to sedentary species (article 68). Articles 61 and 62 contain obligations …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

White Paper - Regional Seas Governance

… human activities on habitats for important and endangered species and important ecosystem services for human benefits … accidental oil spills, nuclear accidents, invasive alien species from ballast water,2 among others. Overfishing on the … target fish (including molluscs, crustaceans and sedentary species, such as seacucumbers, sponges and corals) or marine …
04 Aug 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

Introduction to the International Legal Framework on Marine Biodiversity - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… contents 1. Why protecting the marine environment? Endemic species Other uses 2. Impact of human activities Industrial … and infrastructure development Fisheries Invasive alien species Climate change 3. Definition of marine biodiversity … and tourism, also provides them with an income. Endemic species The need for the protection and preservation of …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Regional Sea Agreements

… Biological Diversity and Ecosystems has four elements: 1. Species and habitats: assessments and development of measures to protect and conserve species and habitats included on the OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats; 2. Marine protected areas: …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

… and the Carnivoria (sea otters and polar bears and the species belonging to the Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walruses)). As most commentators regard the species coverage of the International Convention for the … types of whales, such as dolphins and porpoises and species from the other orders of marine mammals are excluded. …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Regional Fisheries Instruments and Bodies

… mandate focus in the management of tuna and tuna-like species. The fisheries bodies established under article VI(1) … Many RBFs take account of associated and dependent species as required by the UNCLOS Convention but only CCAMLR … Preamble and article IV of 1966 ICCAT stipulate that the species covered by the Convention are the tuna and tuna-like …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Convention on Biological Diversity

… to components of biodiversity (for example a particular species or habitat) as well as to processes and activities … the introduction of, controlling or eradicating alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species. …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

The Fish Stock Agreement - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… and therefore do not deal with the other categories of species in articles 63(1) and 65-68 of UNCLOS and discrete high seas species. However, some of the provisions and concepts in the … management and conservation of some of these categories of species as well. Some of these provisions could even be …
04 Aug 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Document - Freshwater Law and Governance: Global and Regional Perspectives for Sustainability

… 70 4.1.3. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) ............... 72 4.1.4. … CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals COP Conference of the Parties DRP …
04 Aug 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

UN Watercourses Convention User’s Guide

… reading 180 Article 22 | Introduction of Alien or New Species 181 22.1 Commentary 181 22.2 Application 182 22.3 … to pages 173-180 Article 22 - Introduction of alien or new species Watercourse States shall take all measures necessary to prevent the introduction of species, alien or new, into an international watercourse …
04 Aug 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater