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Handbook of The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

… managed ecosystems, or on materials useful to mankind. 3. “Alternative technologies or equipment” means technologies or … Article 11: Settlement of disputes 1. In the event of a dispute between Parties concerning the interpretation or … paragraph. While concurring with the consensus on Resolution No. 1 on Institutional and Financial Arrangements, …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Handbook for the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its Protocols

… (e) The economic, social and environmental assessment of alternative measures for attaining environmental objectives … of the amendment. Article 13: settlement of Disputes If a dispute arises between two or more Contracting Parties to the … pursuant to paragraph 8 of Economic and Social Council resolution 36 (IV) of 28 March 1947, and by regional economic …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

International Environmental law-making and Diplomacy Review

… enforcement approach emphasizes legal obligations, binding dispute resolution and (the threat of ) sanctions. In practice, both … of the intention of the Parties, seek to sub- stitute an alternative basis from outside the realm of the law of …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

MEA Negotiator’s Handbook

… 12. Be prepared for practical necessities, including alternative transportation, alternative meals, and local … 2-22 2.4.14. Dispute settlement … December 2000, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 55/199, in which it decided to embark on a 10-year …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… assistance • Capacity building Compliance Review, Dispute Settlements • Non compliance procedures and bodies • Dispute Settlement Mechanisms Outline Expert opinion • … parties to implement the provisions of the Convention. Dispute Settlement Mechanisms For disputes between Parties …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

UN Treaty Handbook

… 23 4.3 Dispute resolution and compliance mechanisms … Treaty Series, volume 859, p. VIII (see General Assembly resolution 97 (I) of 14 December 1946, as amended by … may declare in writing to the Depositary that for a dispute not resolved in accordance with paragraph 1 or …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Guidance on the Practical Application of the Espoo Convention

… 18 3.1 Dispute prevention and settlement (Article 15) … As a last resort the Convention includes a formal legal dispute resolution process. 17. Negotiations can be organised before …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Multilateral Environmental Agreements - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Non-compliance procedures are best understood as a form of dispute avoidance or alternative dispute resolution, in the sense that resort to binding third party …
28 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders_2016 Report

… of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment … recently as March 2016, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution 31/32 on protecting defenders addressing economic, … rights defenders. Clauses such as those on investor-State dispute settlements may hinder State efforts to consult with …
28 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Climate Change- International Legal Regime - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… first held in the 1980s. In 1988, the UN General Assembly (resolution 43/53 0f 6 December 1988) recognized that “climate … Climate Fund Secretariat is in South Korea. COMPLIANCE AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT The Convention establishes to assess … Convention also contains relatively standard international dispute settlement provisions under article 14, which are …
01 Mar 2017 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere