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A1- Integrating Environmental Concerns in International Water Law

… two or more States. These issues include protection of the watercourse, allocation of its waters, and assurance of … parties to allocation of water quantities and to protect watercourse ecosystems. This class focuses on the ways in … water law that is binding upon all States sharing a watercourse with one or more other States. The class also …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

B2 - Equitable and Reasonable Use of Water Resources in Practice

… equitable and reasonable use of an international watercourse? What are some practical (real-world) … of equitable and reasonable use of an international watercourse? 2. Introduction Every watercourse State has the right to use the waters within its …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Water Law and the Environment

… water law incorporates environmental concerns - Watercourse Convention 3.1. Equitable and reasonable … 2 (a) of the UN Watercourses Convention defines the term “watercourse” as “a system of surface waters and groundwaters … terminus.” It then Article 2 (b) defines “international watercourse” as “a watercourse, parts of which are situated …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

D2 - Dams, Ecosystems and Fisheries

… natural character; 1. The social and economic needs of the watercourse States concerned; 2. The population dependent on the watercourse in each watercourse State; 3. The effects of the use or uses of the …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

C1 - No Significant Harm, Pollution Prevention and Quality Standards

… sharing transboundary water resources, also known as watercourse states, have an obligation to prevent, reduce and … territorial sovereignty. According to this theory, each watercourse state is entitled to use the waters of the watercourse within its territory on condition that it takes …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

D1 - Ecosystem Approach and Ecosystem Services

… UNWC adopted the purportedly more restrictive concept of a watercourse, the introduction of the principle of ecosystem … one State,[10] as long as they belong to an international watercourse. [1] A similar provision is found in the 2008 … UNWC.[1] Equitable and reasonable use of an international watercourse must aim at “attaining optimal and sustainable …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

No Significant Harm and Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment

… is to prevent adverse transboundary effects on other watercourse states. Thus, these duties appear as mechanisms … wishing to do that which will affect an international watercourse cannot decide whether another state’s interest … (p.15). The obligation of notification provides that a watercourse state which plans to carry or permit activities …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

B1 - The Principle of Equitable and Reasonable Use

… States of planned projects potentially impacting a shared watercourse and, where necessary, duties to consult and … potential to impact the environment of an international watercourse, and influence another State’s right to use the … required for any change in the regime of the international watercourse.[1] [1] McIntyre 2007, p. 17-18 8. Two extreme …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Principles and concepts of international environmental law (Part 2) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Navigational Uses of International Watercourses requires watercourse states to “...take all measures necessary to … of species, alien or new, into an international watercourse which may have effects detrimental to the ecosystem of the watercourse resulting in significant harm to other …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

A2 - Integrating Environmental Concerns in National Water Law

18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance