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Principles and concepts of international environmental law (Part 1) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… example, the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“UNFCC”) refers in article 3.(1) to … sentences to “Equitable social development” and “social justice”. … Examples The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in article 4.(1)(i), obliges Parties to …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Sources of international law (Part I) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… International environmental law 2. International Court of Justice Sources of international law 3. Law of Treaties 3.1. … the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change with its 1997 Kyoto Protocol, and the 1992 … (i.e., 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1994 Desertification Convention ratification, …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

D2 - Dams, Ecosystems and Fisheries

… environmental performance of dams and how concerns about climate change have prompted a debate over the relative … issue in the 1997 decision by the International Court of Justice (“ICJ”) in the Gabcikovo- Nagymaros case.[1] The … A comprehensive review of hydro-electric energy’s place in climate change and renewable law and policy is beyond the …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… Environment Programme UNFCCC UN Framework Convention on Climate Change UNGA United Nations General Assembly WMO World … were opened for signature: the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is sectoral in that it deals … Public Participation and Decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention). Guide …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

UN Treaty Handbook

… Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997. Other treaties, such as disarmament … Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997, for example, the Secretary-General, as … settlement, reference to the International Court of Justice, etc. See, for example, article 119 (2) of the Rome …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Mr. John Knox, Policy Brief_Universal Human Rights Group

… america. Hundreds of civil society organisations demanded justice for her murder. Her family and supporters, including … deterrence. otherwise, states continue to contribute to a climate of impunity that further endangers EHrDs. in the … art. 10; united nations framework Convention on Climate Change, art. 6(a); aarhus Convention on access to …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Introductory presentation to the SEA Protocol

… Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention). … Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus) – in force since … including human health, flora, fauna, biodiversity, soil, climate, air, water, landscape, natural sites, material …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… Water Courses; BRS Conventions, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; • Montreal Protocol on Substances that … layer; • They address greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change concerns; • And combat and reverse … conciliation. • Arbitration or the International Court of Justice. Criminal Activities and violations • To be effective …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

MEA Negotiator’s Handbook

… Carruthers, editor and contributing author, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat; Yves Le Bouthillier, lead author, … of Joensuu; Maria Socorro Manguiat, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat; and Sylvie Côté, Environment … of national jurisdiction.’ The International Court of Justice confi rmed that this Principle has attained the …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

A1- Integrating Environmental Concerns in International Water Law

… 3.2. The Importance of Groundwater 3.3. The Impact of Climate Change 3.4. Increasing Competition for Freshwater … International Law Commission in 2008. 3.3. The Impact of Climate Change The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change … Project case,[1] the International Court of Justice (ICJ) stated as follows: “The Court recalls that it …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance