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International Environmental law-making and Diplomacy Review

… effectiveness, but cautions that these approaches ‘are not mutually exclusive, and that they will frequently overlap in … at 104. 9 Peter H. Sand equipped or retrofitted with agreed mechanisms for independent verification.47 For … Law (1997) 29-58 at 49-51; John Lanchbery, ‘Long-Term Trends in Systems for Implementation Review in …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

C1 - No Significant Harm, Pollution Prevention and Quality Standards

… standards. The duty to consult with a view to arriving at agreed measures and methods results from the general … cooperate through consultation, with a view to arriving at mutually agreeable measures and methods. The measures and methods agreed upon will be complex, depending on the issues to be …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

MEA Negotiator’s Handbook

… ourselves to manage the underlying issues on a long-term basis. Partly it is attributable to the limits of the … still indispensable. Ultimately, the two tracks should be mutually reinforcing. The maxim ’Think globally, act locally’ … or course of action that has been previously adopted, agreed, or used. Precedent may be considered binding, meaning …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

B2 - Equitable and Reasonable Use of Water Resources in Practice

… presented. The case study will focus on the development of mutually beneficial treaties between Canada and the United … Hungary refused to proceed with the project agreed to in an earlier bilateral agreement[1] on the grounds … process, involving all basin states, envisages a long-term, in-depth joint study aimed at determining net equitable …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Addressing pollution: Governance frameworks, challenges and oppotunities in the context of the 2030 Agenda

… tons of crop losses annually, while reducing the near-term warming of up to 0.5° Celsius by 2050. The membership … Protocol adopted the Kigali Amendment, in which they agreed to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). These … for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in a mutually beneficial manner. 45 Towards a Pollution-Free …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Compliance under biodiversity - related conventions

… • Countries have to develop a “CITES Legislation Plan” on agreed steps and timeframe for the adoption of national … and equitable way with the communities concerned, based on mutually agreed terms (MAT). • Art. 5(5): Each Party shall take …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Introduction to International Environmental Governance (IEG) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… States’ action is the most fundamental part of IEG. The term ‘international organization’ refers to intergovernmental … more appropriate. If the negotiations are successful, an agreed text is adopted by the States and signed by their … legal decisions on how to understand and implement the agreed treaty. MEA secretariats monitor and assist in …
01 Sep 2017 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

UN Treaty Handbook

… States …”. 1 For the sake of editorial convenience, the term “State”, as used in this Handbook, may include other … title of the treaty. If the title of the treaty is not yet agreed, the full powers must indicate the subject matter and … provisionally, it creates obligations for the parties that agreed to bring it into force in that manner. 4.3 Dispute …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Guidance on the Practical Application of the Espoo Convention

… legislation and practice of the Parties. Henceforth the term “agreement” will be used to mean any kind of “bilateral … define criteria such as large and major and thus provide mutually agreed threshold values. 28. It may be advisable to notify …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Introduction to Human Rights and the Environment - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… can be affected by environmental disasters and more long-term environmental degradation, which produce … development in terms of three interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars: Environmental Protection Social … harm. What are good practices? Although there is no agreed definition on “good practices”, a review of several …
01 Mar 2017 Course lesson in Environmental Governance