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… critical state insti- tutions such as the police and military. In South Africa, evidence has linked former members of elite police and military units to rhino horn trafficking.4 In the DRC, … leaders who often orchestrate the most extensive illegal activity but tend to be removed from on-the-ground poaching …

… and resulted in a significant environmental, police and military effort to prevent eradication. It was combined with … in the 2000s. The peace agreements stipulated removal of military patrols in the park amongst the terms of peace … share of the coastal population engaged in this activity, including through corruption. Poaching is often …

… directly and indi- rectly shape the patterns of criminal activity in the wildlife and forestry sectors. Criminal … • Can joint task forces be convened? • Does the military play any role in law enforcement in the wildlife and … Are insurgent groups involved? • Does the police or the military play a role in the activities under review, either …

… of illegal harvest and trade are consid- ered where this activity is relevant to the markets examined. Consequently, … a surrogate state in many respects, taxing all economic activity, includ- ing the extraction and trade of natural … groups. Any pattern of profit-motivated, serious criminal activity is consid- ered organized crime, and nearly all …

… the recovery by that country of the proceeds of unlawful activity or investigation or prosecution of unlawful activity, shall be included in the monies which are paid into … a. “Using prohibited hunting tools or vehicles” is to use military weapons (including modified ones), toxic arrows, (to …