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Water-related conflict and security in Southern Africa: The SADC Protocol on shared watercourses

… is both a cause and an effect of political tension and military conflict’:4 On the one hand, environmen- tal … increase the likelihood of conflict;5 and, on the other, military action itself causes en- vironmental degradation.6 … conditions resulting from a change ... caused by a human activity’.22 4 Main obligations The main obligations of the …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The Joensuu negotiation: A mulitlateral simulation exercise: The UN Framework Convention on Transboundary Aquifers

… is both a cause and an effect of political tension and military conflict’:4 On the one hand, environmen- tal … increase the likelihood of conflict;5 and, on the other, military action itself causes en- vironmental degradation.6 … conditions resulting from a change ... caused by a human activity’.22 4 Main obligations The main obligations of the …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

International Environmental Law-making and Diplomacy Review 2014

… is both a cause and an effect of political tension and military conflict’:4 On the one hand, environmen- tal … increase the likelihood of conflict;5 and, on the other, military action itself causes en- vironmental degradation.6 … conditions resulting from a change ... caused by a human activity’.22 4 Main obligations The main obligations of the …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

International Environmental Law-making and Diplomacy Review 2014

… is both a cause and an effect of political tension and military conflict’:4 On the one hand, environmen- tal … increase the likelihood of conflict;5 and, on the other, military action itself causes en- vironmental degradation.6 … conditions resulting from a change ... caused by a human activity’.22 4 Main obligations The main obligations of the …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Share - Managing water across boundaries

… sharing play out. In particular, if there is political, military, and/or economic hegemony on the river, this … building trust in new partnerships) then that cooperative activity is not justifiable. Cooperative activities that are … representatives, local government and councils, the military, or international bodies such as the United Nations. …
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Issues in water law reform

… 3 to 5 June 1997. The Expert Consultation was the first activity under, and served as a launch for, the FAO-funded … subsequently right-wing ideological governments under the military rule of Augusto Pinochet, between 1973 and 1990. … context of the 1981 Code At the end of the 1970s, the military government began to apply free-market economy ideas, …
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Nexus Governance: Harnessing contending forces at work

… no national government regulation over this economic activity, and local government elections have not been held … Claudio Pardo (2014). Discursive Constructions of Private Military Security, PhD Thesis (Bremen: Bremen International …
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Negotiate: reaching agreement over water

… financial, legal and physical force (e.g. State apparatus, military, wealth) Positions: e.g. being high up in a … analysis has a history going back to the 1960s in the military and business. In recent times, as both the pace of … these pieces of advice remains a challenge for post-WCD activity. Following the release of the WCD report, there were …
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Water as a human right?

… environment, etc. where an environmentally destructive activity directly threatened people’s health and life. The … inter alia, to refrain from: � engaging in any practice or activity that denies or limits equal access to adequate … Party: (b) If not as sustenance, then in direct support of military action, provided, however, that in no event shall …
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Global Land Outlook

… pattern and physical results of past and present human activity (terracing, water storage or drainage structures, … to good agricultural land, presence of government and military complexes, etc. The size, pace, and nature of … that estimates are exaggerated,159 yet policy makers, the military, and governments are increasingly treating this …
20 Jun 2026 Literature