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… Partners GLO Contributing Partners THE ECONOMICS OF LAND DEGRADATION The objective of the United Nations Convention to … Agriculture 124 8 Water Resources 160 9 Biodiversity and Soil 190 10 Energy and Climate 212 11 Urbanization 226 12 … with the earth. We are losing far too quickly the water, soil, and biodiversity that support all life. At a time when …

… densities of the drylands and as a result face particular degradation challenges. • Where potential evapotranspiration … rainfall can be lost through evaporation from the dry soil surface, particularly when infiltration rates are low or … cover, including in terms of biodiversity, or through soil sealing). Molden and Oweis (2007) state that as much as …

… in major aquifers, reducing stream flows and causing the degradation of ripar- ian and wetland ecosystems. The … and vulnerability of an aquifer is based on mapping of soil and rock characteristics. The water balance is estimated … generally has a protective cover provided by the soil and unsaturated zone • As development increases more …

… hurricanes as well as volcanic activity. Deforestation and degradation of the upper watersheds and of river banks has … the water and larger-scale farming has degraded the land. Soil erosion resulting from unregulated land use change has … numerous community pilot projects which addressed water, soil and environmental conser-vation. Eighty six pilot …

… as lakes, reservoirs and rivers, as well as from moist soil and other surfaces. Considerable amounts of water vapor … the ground through infiltration may be held in the soil, to eventually return to the surface through capillary … coastal and marine waters is necessary because their degradation threatens not only the health of important …

… nutrients are released from the ash and returned to the soil, and new grass growth is stimulated. However, these … Environment Betsiboka Estuary, Madagascar: Flooding and soil erosion Tropical Cyclone Gafilo hit northern Madagascar … funding for reconstruction, and at the same time causing degradation of land, air and water resources. Wreckage of …

… evapotranspiration by vegetation using water stored in the soil (see Figure 1.2).25 In essence, the earth’s water cycle … of water quality. This is achieved through minimising soil erosion on-site, reducing sediment in water bodies … (UNCCCD) (2012). “The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought: Methodologies and Analysis for …

… their services have been experiencing rapid and tremendous degradation and loss in the past 50 years, destroyed by … lies too deep underground to be accessible or exists as soil moisture World fresh water supply Sources: FAO, 2009. … land degradation, and disease; supporting services such as soil formation and nutrient cycling; and cultural services …

… the other, military action itself causes en- vironmental degradation.6 Since the end of the Cold War, discussions … which can affect the quality of the air, water, soil, ma- rine and coastal environment and pose a threat to … by pollution of water bodies or land resources, including soil, the consequences have resulted in severely negative …

… REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, enhancement of carbon stock, sustainable … of resources, and better protection of “the air, soil, water and thus human health.”215 Similarly, they will … The convention aims to prevent land degradation, including soil erosion from water;275 and eroded soil is an important …