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Introduction to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

… In contrast to traditional farming systems where agricultural inputs were mainly produced by farmers, the … many countries – making up about 35 percent of the global land area – will experience novel climates they have not been … security under the growing pressures of climate change. Agricultural crop varieties and the particular traits they …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Biological Diversity

Farmer's Rights in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

… relatives of cultivated plants in crop improvement and agricultural development cannot be overemphasized. There are … was ignored for many years because of its many negative agricultural characteristics. But in the 1980s it was … production constitutes 85 per cent of the agricultural land used, with several different varieties grown. The local …
25 May 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Equity in ABS Governance

… These include, among others, differences in relation to land and resource rights, possibilities for advancement at … gain access to valuable resources such as land, credit and agricultural inputs, technology, extension, train- ing and … uniformity Although women’s knowledge and contribution to agricultural production is substantial, it is, in general, …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Covering ABS: Addressing the need for sectoral, geographical,legal and international integration in the ABS regime - papers and studies of the ABS Project

… and needs 48 5.5.1 Governance in remote areas 48 5.5.2 Land tenure and ownership 49 5.5.3 Overlapping … genetic resource utilization (the Cartagena Protocol); • Agricultural development (the ITPGRFA); and • Traditional … ITPGRFA was negotiated under the auspices of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Addressing the problems of access : Protecting sources, while giving users certainty

… Support for conservation 15 2.2 Different treatment for agricultural genetic resources and ex-situ collections 15 2.3 … since under such a law, every market transaction involving agricultural products would be an "ABS transaction." Other … acknowledge the difference between the owners of the land, from which the spec- imen is collected, the owner of …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Publication - An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… from genetic resources (enzymes, micro-organisms) ! Agricultural seeds US$ 30 billion All derived from genetic … beliefs, rituals, community laws, local language, and agricultural practices. Such a broad understanding can … rights regarding access to biological resources on private land or to create speci!c rights over the genetic resources …
25 May 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

A moving target : Genetic resources and options for tracking and monitoring their international flows

… of Genomics CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CITES Convention on International Trade … while some of the features may be shared equally by the agricultural (green) biotechnology sector. None of these is … to discharge “process water” into a river, or even onto land (where it will seep into groundwater). That permit will …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… from genetic resources (enzymes, micro-organisms) � Agricultural seeds US$ 30 billion All derived from genetic … beliefs, rituals, community laws, local language, and agricultural practices. Such a broad understanding can … rights regarding access to biological resources on private land or to create specific rights over the genetic resources …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Introduction to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits

… seabed. The sovereignty of a state extends, beyond its land territory and its internal waters, to a belt of sea … coastal state comprises the submerged prolongation of the land territory of the coastal state - the seabed and subsoil … contribution to marine pollution load (by mass) are: land-based (82%), vessel-based (9%), dumping of waste at sea …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Biological Diversity

Beyond access : Exploring implementation of the fair and equitable sharing commitment in the CBD

… resources. Ownership of immoveable tangible property (e.g. land and buildings) is legally established by deed and/or … utilize genetic resources primarily or exclu- sively for agricultural variety development.43 Clearly, the CBD … and data of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Resources (CGIAR), every country has been …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX