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… deprivation of four years imprisonment or a more serious penalty; or (b) as prescribed by national laws 4 Non-native … the table above it seems that all AMS provide a maximum penalty of 4-years or more, with Singapore being the sole … a poor indicator of deterrence, as the value of the penalty – even in those countries with the highest fines – …

… and Management Act (WCMA 2013)1. The law sets the penalty for crimes against endangered species (Section 92) at … non-endangered species under Section 9511 and add the ‘penalty enhancing’ provision under Section 92 in an effort to …

… Class A or B misdemeanor—the statute contains no felony penalty. In all criminal ESA cases, the Government must prove … ESA misdemeanor sanction—even if provable—the appropriate penalty for the conduct at issue? Is a civil or … of Justice gives meaning to the criminal and civil penalty schemes provided by Congress. This article will …

… of at least four years of imprisonment or a more serious penalty.”31 “Seriousness” refers to the penalty foreseen for an offence under domestic law and thus … the legislation. These will often differ from the actual penalty imposed on an offender. The full spectrum of …

… trafficking and to assess whether current fine and penalty provi- sions provide adequate deterrence. Global …