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… critical state insti- tutions such as the police and military. In South Africa, evidence has linked former members of elite police and military units to rhino horn trafficking.4 In the DRC, … leaders who often orchestrate the most extensive illegal activity but tend to be removed from on-the-ground poaching …

… and resulted in a significant environmental, police and military effort to prevent eradication. It was combined with … in the 2000s. The peace agreements stipulated removal of military patrols in the park amongst the terms of peace … share of the coastal population engaged in this activity, including through corruption. Poaching is often …

… networks. However, the widespread complicity of military and government officials in the trade hinders …

… directly and indi- rectly shape the patterns of criminal activity in the wildlife and forestry sectors. Criminal … • Can joint task forces be convened? • Does the military play any role in law enforcement in the wildlife and … Are insurgent groups involved? • Does the police or the military play a role in the activities under review, either …

… Abuse of the environment is the fourth largest criminal activity in the world. Worth up to USD 258 billion, it is … activities; • Examining Environmental Impacts of Military Activities: furthering the development of environmental norms in relation to natural harm from military action; • Helping to build a Green Economy: …

… Leopards per case), indicative of organized trafficking activity, declined from 60 in the 2003- 2009 to 23 in … in markets have declined; WCS-led capacity building and military buyer awareness education efforts have contributed … well as carried overseas (knowingly or inadvertently) by military and other contractors working there. Snow Leopard, …

… USD 91–259 billion every year. Tax revenues from this activity could have been used for schools, infrastructure … poorly equipped locals and assault-rifle equipped former military, police officials or game scouts with tracking and … to stop or limit funding to armed groups such as the military junta in Sierra Leone (1997–1998) S/RES/1132 and …

… munitions, suggesting that they were obtained from British military training bases in Kenya and/or local security …

… it has only been bred on three occasions (Low, 1988) . 103 MILITARY MACAW Ara miJitaris (Linn4, 1766) Order … Bolivia, and one trapper claimed to have caught about SO Military Macaws (Nores and Yzurieta, 1983). INTERNATIONAL … species, including C. patagonus, were captured. This activity is carried on to a lesser extent in the provinces of …

… of illegal harvest and trade are consid- ered where this activity is relevant to the markets examined. Consequently, … a surrogate state in many respects, taxing all economic activity, includ- ing the extraction and trade of natural … groups. Any pattern of profit-motivated, serious criminal activity is consid- ered organized crime, and nearly all …