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… the misfortune and the potential ultimate severity of the penalty and advises villagers on the offerings that must be … village. Statutory law provides for imprisonment as a penalty for criminal violations. Under customary law in the … to be made to placate the spirits and avoid any further penalty. Therefore, customary ‘criminal’ law does not require …

… to decide such issues and impose penalties. Mostly the penalty was in the form of a fine that was determined … are dependent on the financial status of the offender. The penalty is always in the form of a fine in cash or kind, and … people of the village), who assist them in collecting the penalty. c. Haitien (Livestock warden) From September/October …

… that was forbidden by the grant, he or she will face a penalty if good cause cannot be found (arts. 31§5, 44§1). …

… This may open them to the risk of a State-imposed penalty. It may also result in uncertainty of tenure and … to the conviction of a guilty party, (e) determining the penalty, (f) taking the custom into account to avoid …