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Marine litter legislation: a toolkit for policy makers
… in the marine environment. Finally, section six reviews alternative and complementary means of addressing marine … foam, that is or are manufactured using any controlled substance 139 ASTM, n.d.; UNEP, 2015b. 140 IPS, 2013. 141 … both reusable bags and disposable bags made with alternative materials that may have a substantial …
Contracting for ABS: The legal and scientific implications of bioprospecting contracts
… sales. The SMTA allows Recipients (users) to choose an alternative payment option, under which they pay what the … rate may clarify the reasons that a user might choose this alternative option. For example, it might offer benefits to … legal document which all parties agree reflects the entire substance of their agreement, and when it is clear that the …
The precautionary principle in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management. An issues paper for policy-makers, researchers and practitioners
… of the relative conservation threats and benefits posed by alternative strategies. Such assessments will benefit from … to dealing with uncertain risks, which may be chosen over alternative ap- proaches according to circumstance. While it … resources, there is no unknown new technology, process or substance concerned. Forests are cleared by chainsaw or hand, …
Auditing the Implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs): A Primer for Auditors
… or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals; • Alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil … As stated earlier, MEAs differ in scope and substance. Nevertheless, they tend to be for- mulated through … practices, organic agriculture and other forms of alternative production that try to diminish the negative …
UN Watercourses Convention User’s Guide
… Glossary of Legal Terms 272 10 Water is a wonderful, vital substance. But we are running out of it. While the amount of … argued that those vital human needs could be satisfied by alternative supplies of water. Pursuant to the need to account for ‘the availability of alternative’ under Article 6 of the UN Watercourses …
Rule: Reforming water governance
… the lack of corruption. Economic instruments provide an alternative mechanism for effective compliance Compliance … and the emerging concept of using covenants as alternative or complementary implementation mechanisms to … with Ontario’s environmental laws. The presence of a toxic substance in an unlawful spill or unlawful discharge …
Glossary of terms for negotiators of multilateral environmental agreements
… ODA Official Development Assistance ODS Ozone-depleting substance (under the Montreal Protocol and the Vienna … to the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol on alternative technologies to the use of ozone- depleting …
Human rights and the Environment: Rio + 20 - Joint Report OHCHR and UNEP
… procedures had been followed; the challenge was to the substance of the decision taken. Applicants litigated the … of the short-term monetary costs and benefits of alternative policy choices. Decisions can be improved if they are informed by the total economic value of alternative management options and involve deliberative …