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RAMSAR Handbook 3: Laws and institutions

… Costa Rica, India, Peru, Uganda, and the Wadden Sea Agreement. Drafts of the Guidelines and background paper were … other international environmental agreements to develop bilateral or multilateral cooperation? If so, could these be … to Article 5 on transboundary cooperation include: • bilateral or multilateral watercourse agreements; • regional …
26 May 2026 Document

Depend on nature: Ecosystem services supporting human livelihoods

… of debt relief for HIPC and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed … Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the World Bank – and bilateral donor assistance. The GEF operates the financial … Parties have taken much time and effort to come to agreement upon plans of action to address the specific issues …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Women as change-makers in the governance of shared waters

… and international river basin institutions, with bilateral or multilateral meetings among representatives of … of any kind do exist, 75% of the countries that have an agreement reported that there is some kind of arrangement in … external support, this young woman leader has engaged in bilateral multi-stakeholder dialogues aimed at identifying …
26 May 2026 Literature

Plant genetic resources and food security: stakeholder perspectives on the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture

… interests at stake, players managed to come to an agreement on food and agriculture for the sake of food … particularly in relation to the application of any bilateral mechanisms for access, to and sharing of benefits … technical and legal difficulties (Hardon et al, 1994) in bilateral access systems such as those provided under the …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking

… We will continue to build support through regional and bilateral efforts, such as the bilateral dialogue on wildlife trafficking we launched as … particularly CITES, the principal international agreement that specifically addresses unsustainable and …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders_2016 Report

… 9 and urges the parties to expedite the conclusion of the agreement in the light of the urgency of the situation, … and international support Role of individual States 81. Bilateral cooperation between States can build the capacity … environmental institutions and processes. 82. However, bilateral and multilateral agreements between States can also …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

A moving target : Genetic resources and options for tracking and monitoring their international flows

… Organization of the United Nations GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GMO genetically modified … of the University of Puerto Rico. Vogel argues that the bilateral, contractual approach stimulated by the CBD and … various scenarios in which PGRFA were exchanged under bilateral agree- ments, as compared to a multilateral system …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The green belt of Europe: From vision to reality

… in the 1970s when a scientific-technical cooperation agreement was signed (Haapala et al., 2003). In the mid-1980s … mostly have a better understanding of what occurs at the bilateral and tri-lateral level. At the national level, focal … cooperation. With the creation of a joint commission for bilateral issues and coordination of measures, cooperation is …
26 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

UN Watercourses Convention User’s Guide

… existing agreements where countries party to an existing agreement are also party to the Convention 94 3.2.4 Scenario … river basins, however most of these agreements are in fact bilateral agreements.16 Additionally 158 of the world’s 263 … Governance of International Rivers: Negotiating Bilateral Versus Multilateral Treaties’ (2011) 55 …
26 May 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

White Paper - Regional Seas Governance

… 13 See the definition in art. 1(1)(d) of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the … the sea is made up of a multitude of global, regional and bilateral instruments, decisions by international … individually and collectively through (sub-)regional and bilateral cooperation. A large number of instruments and …
26 May 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater