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Guidelines for applying protected area management categories

… of a worldwide representative network of terrestrial and marine protected areas, as an integral contribu- tion to the … 52 Marine protected areas … on the world’s oceans through fishing pressure and pollution. If the impacts of transboundary air pollution and climate change are factored in, the entire …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Ramsar Convention Manual, 6th Edition

… and seagrass beds, but also coral reefs and other marine areas no deeper than six metres at low tide, as well … or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed … ecosystems, owing mainly to ongoing drainage, conversion, pollution, and over-exploitation of their resources. The …
18 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Guidelines - Biodiversity in Impact Assessment

… species, overexploitation of resources and many forms of pollution. Global Biodiversity Outlook 2 demonstrates that, … from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological … (or underground) area affected; • Change in the use of marine and/or coastal ecosystems, and extraction of seabed …
18 Jun 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Transboundary Conservation. A systematic and integrated approach

… natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, marine cavern, geological feature such as a cave, or a living … Union for Conservation of Nature KAZA Kavango Zambezi MPA Marine Protected Area NGO Non-governmental organization PoWPA … scale agricultural initiatives, and the adverse effects of pollution by fertilisers and pesticides. Local communities …
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The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Western Africa

… 3.4.2 Water pollution … 3.5.2 Pollution … regions (Chambers et al. 2008). While terrestrial and marine ecosystems have a larger percentage of known species, … or will soon exceed, that in either terrestrial or marine ecosystems (e.g., WWF Living Planet Index 2004, … as their analysis included a number of predominantly marine species also found in brackish waters; these are not …
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Energy law and sustainable development

… the 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, and its Protocols. 1302 U.N.T.S. 217, 18 I.L.M. … developing countries more vulnerable, and air, water and marine pollution continue to rob millions of a decent life." … the formation of Antarctic bottom water. The impact on marine ecosystems and fisheries could be severe because the …
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Safe Havens: Protected Areas for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

… 74 Pioneering climate change adapted Marine Protected Area management in Madagascar Chapter 10 New … in Hoi An city, Viet Nam through the Cham Islands Marine Protected Area Chapter 18 – Viet … coastal development and deforestation to climate change, pollution to overfishing have endangered mangroves and coral …
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Water Law and the Environment

… topics: Article 21: Prevention, reduction and control of pollution (of international watercourses). Article 22: … Article 23: Protection and preservation of the marine environment (from harm via international … https://www.informea.org/en/terms/marine-ecosystem 4. How international water law incorporates …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

International biofouling

… International biofouling RECALLING Recommendation 1.77 Marine Pollution and MARPOL (Montreal, 1996), strongly urging the … Water and Sediments, 2004; FURTHER RECALLING that the Marine Environment Protection Committee of the IMO adopted …
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World Heritage, Wilderness and Large Landscapes and Seascapes

Marine wilderness analysis … Methods Biogeographic classification of the marine environment … meet this standard in an era of climate change and global pollution (Venter et al. 2016, Halpern et al. 2016). However, … impacts. In an era of accelerating climate change and pollution, this is increasingly difficult to demonstrate. On …
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