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Review and Analysis of specific Transboundary Natural Resources Management (TBNRM) Initiatives in the Southern African Region

… and are either mega-parks or development zones. Fresh water, marine resources and air resources are generally not … that are of a transboundary nature – these are ground and surface water. Very little legal or other consideration has … Consequently, this section focuses on joint management of surface water. There is a myriad of legal and policy …
19 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Legal and institutional frameworks for sustainable soils: A preliminary report

… of Soil Sciences (IUSS); the World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWC); the European Soil Bureau … unconsolidated mineral and organic material at the earth’s surface. It has been developed by physical, chemical and … profiles of layers more or less parallel to the earth’s surface and formed by the interaction of parent material, …
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Economic valuation of ecological functions and services of natural ecosystems

… ecosystems products such as soil formation, nutrients and water recycling and primary production. ii) The secondary … method requires the evaluator to be able to determine the surface area of the recreation place and subdividing it into … presence of fresh, salted or brackish water at the surface or at low depth. 30 …
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Values of protected landscapes and seascapes: protected landscapes and agrobiodiversity values

… secure access to critical agricultural inputs including water and seeds, facilitation of organic farming and animal … are between 300 and 500 m above sea level. The Park has a surface area of some 14,000 ha, of which 980 ha are … associated infrastructure, and by riparian forests. The surface area given over to farming has been in sustained …
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Towards Networks of Marine Protected Areas: The MPA Plan of Action for IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas

… in 2008. © Dan Laffoley/IUCN Back Cover: Around 50% of the surface of the Earth is covered by the High Seas, the area of … Planet Earth. Oceans make up nearly 70% of our world by surface area, over 95% of habitable space by volume, and yet … Kingdom have discovered the presence of fragile deep water coral reefs such as here in the South West Approaches …
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Governance of Ecosystem Services. Lessons Learned from Cameroon, China, Costa Rica and Ecuador

… their services (such as purification of air and water, disease and climate regulation) and goods (such as … domain. Though the law does not specify the maximum surface area of land transferable to a third party, non-State … only for nonpermanent forests, and Access permits based on surface areas. These permits range from 2,500 to 200,000 …
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The long and winding road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

… jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover nearly half of the Earth’s surface and host a significant portion of its biodiversity. … a legal regime for an area covering almost half of the surface of our Planet will doubtless be a chal- lenging task, … are meas- ured from a defined baseline, generally the low- water mark (Article 5).6 The key areas of State sov- ereignty …
19 Jun 2026 Literature

The Green Customs Guide to Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… waste from cathode-ray tubes; waste asbestos; waste oils/water, hydrocarbon/water mixtures, emulsions; and wastes of … salt domes or naturally occurring repositories, etc.) D4 Surface impoundment, (e.g., placement of liquid or sludge … salt domes or naturally occurring repositories, etc.) D4 Surface impoundment, (e.g., placement of liquid or sludge …
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World Wetlands Day 2017 Factsheet 2: Five wetlands that help us cope with extreme weather events

… extreme weather events 1. Mangroves Mangroves are salt-water tolerant shrubs and trees that grow in shallow, … During sudden floods, they can spread and store flood water over a wide area, reducing damage downstream. 4. Inland … accumulated over time. They cover 3% of the earth’s land surface. Key fact: peatlands store more than twice as much …
19 Jun 2026 Document

Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management

… (see below); together these covered nearly 10% of the land surface of the planet (data from UNEP-WCMC). The growth in … areas play by providing environmental services, like water supply, flood 2. Protected areas, biodiversity and … and � prohibiting camping within certain distances of surface water. Frequency of use: Area closures are common at …
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