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… . . . . 15 Kenya: Mikoko Pamoja - Community based mangrove carbon offset project in Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … areas 16 Kenya Mikoko Pamoja: Community based mangrove carbon offset project in Kenya Salim ABDALLA, Mikoko Pamoja …

… forests) provide important ecosystem services such as carbon storage, air regulation, fuelwood, freshwater flow, … freight – which is responsible for much higher levels of carbon emissions per product (FF 2007). Consumer care Over … with other end users, a Net Positive Impact strategy to offset the impacts at the landscape level (IUCN, 2015). …

… to maintain ecosystems, increase food production and store carbon. Climate change may be intensifying, but so are FAO’s … world’s forests store an estimated 296 billion tonnes of carbon in both above- and below- ground biomass. å Currently, … climate mitigation benefits. These carbon gains could offset the yearly emissions of the aviation industry if …

… of NPI are the rise in government biodiversity offset regulations and the widespread establishment of … backed up by detailed protocols on impact mitigation, offset design and quantitative impact measurement (TBC, … assets on company balance sheets (e.g. by selling forest carbon credits or excess biodiversity credits to other …

… or insurance products to companies with significant carbon footprints. On the other hand, FIs that understand the … “bite-sized” components or issues (e.g., fresh water, carbon, flood control); otherwise, the issue remains too big … Species List, if the damage this has caused is being offset. The two types of markets that were created in this …

… – and other ozone-destroying gases such as halons and carbon culprits – and other ozone-destroying gases such as halons and carbon tetrachloride. Corporations stepped up their research … these are two different mechanisms that do not simply offset one another. these are two different mechanisms that …

… or economic productivity and complexity of land, reducing carbon storage in soil and vegetation, driving the loss of … Measurements of Net Primary Productivity (the net flux of carbon from the atmosphere into green plants per unit time) … such as disruption of water regulation or reduction in carbon sequestration. Such causal links are far reaching and …

… management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks; and  take into account ecosystems in … communities at risk; d. update and implement IUCN’s 2008 Carbon Offset Policy to reflect mitigation efforts consistent with …

… and damages 130 Market-based mechanisms 131 Markets for carbon sequestration 131 Markets for watershed services 132 … pro quo compensation. Best- practice measures designed to offset the impact of conservation activities should C h a p t … poverty reduction. Clearly they can. Initiatives such as carbon transfers and payments for environmental services may, …

… guided by the hierarchy of “avoid, minimize, mitigate and offset” to reduce impacts. Set targets for improvement, and … sequestering or emitting greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O); … encourage emissions reductions, such as incentives for low-carbon technologies, are also likely to play an important …