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IUCN Information Papers on Marine Genetic Resources

… scientific research under a regime of confidentiality or trade secrecy could contradict the requirement under the … intellectual property rights (IPRs), including copyright, trade secrets and proprietary databases, also plays a role … This paper considers key aspects of the law of patents, trade secrets, copyrights and databases by explaining why …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The long and winding road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

… multilateral trea- ties including the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and the Convention on the Rights of … heritage of mankind CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CLCS … 1997). The ocean is the backbone of international trade and communication systems and is at the heart of many …
18 Jun 2026 Literature

Nexus Governance: Harnessing contending forces at work

… of risks, sharing the risks, and optimising the trade-offs that need to be made between sectors, advantages … talks, where comprehensive views and inter-sectoral trade-offs between electricity, irrigation, navigation, flood … body could serve as the point of nexus thinking and policy trade- offs between sectors handled by different ministries. …
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National Implementation of the Montreal Protocol: Brazil

… Science and Technology; Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, and Finance. Besides the Prozon, the Ministry of … responsible for the control of imports, exports, trade, use, destruction, collection, recycling and recovery … Project; h. Project for the prevention of illegal ODS trade. 8. Brazil does not produce HCFCs and its exports are …
18 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Technology Transfer and Cooperation under the Convention on Biological Diversity

… long-term scientific and technological cooperation, trade and market policies, bilateral cooperation – including … compensation package for biological goods and services; • trade policies that are inclusive of biodiversity concerns; • … Policy and Implementation; DTIE – Division of Trade, Economics and Industry; DRC – Division of Regional …
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Improving the means to fight environmental crime

… of poisoned baits, illegal habitat destruction, illegal trade in wildlife, illicit trade in geological heritage (fossils, minerals, rocks and … of substances into air, water or soil, the illegal trade in ozone-depleting substances, or the illegal shipment …
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Conservation measures for vultures, including banning the use of veterinary diclofenac

… related to human-carnivore conflict and elephant poaching; trade in vulture body parts for traditional medicine; and … NOTING that African vulture population declines related to trade in vulture body parts for traditional medicine, and … transmission; d. traditional medicine sector regarding trade in vulture body parts; and e. energy sector regarding …
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Guidelines for species conservation planning - version 1.0

… analysis 38 5.8 Structured decision-making around the trade-offs involved in finite resource allocation 38 5.9 … more challenging to work in. Therefore, while there are trade-offs and implica- tions, these Guidelines aim to be … multiple species presents economies of scale but with a trade-off against the level of detail than can be achieved. …
18 Jun 2026 Literature

Handbook for the Preparation of Voluntary National Reviews (VNR)

… parliament, local governments, the private sector, trade unions, civil society/non-governmental organisations and universities. Trade unions, the private sector, civil society organisations … between SDGs, both in the form of synergies and also in trade-offs and conflicts. A clear understanding of …
18 Jun 2026 Literature

The Aarhus Convention:An implementation guide. UN/ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters

… before national courts.7 1993 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Side Agreement on Envi- ronmental … role of major groups, went further to in- clude workers, trade unions, business and industry, the scientific … been some criticism that the use of such seals may impose trade barriers because, in practice, they favour …
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