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The long and winding road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

… in the coming decades as we increasingly turn toward the sea for resources, jobs and eco- nomic growth. More than … of the behaviour of different species is increasing; deep-sea ecosystems are being studied in greater detail; and … strike this balance, stakeholders must not only develop a deep understanding of the issues at stake, but must also be …
21 May 2026 Literature

Mediterranean marine protected areas and climate change: a guide to regional monitoring and adaptation opportunities

… 18 Effects of sea-level rise … effects of this on the marine environment include rising sea levels, higher seawater temperatures and acidification, … sea circulation changes The salinity of intermediate and deep waters has also increased, apparently due to a … ventilated almost every year by means of a process called deep-water formation. In this process, which has been …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

GEO yearbook 2003

… significant increases in the rate of melting of land and sea ice from the Arctic to Mount Everest to the Antarctic, … for urgent action from governments and the UN to protect deep sea coral and sponge ecosystems. United States Pentagon … 2004). Box 6: Global community urges efforts to protect deep sea ecosystems It is only in the last decade that …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Towards a Representative Network of Marine Protected Areas in Libya

… phase in two sites, the Libyan coastline and the Alboran Sea. The reports for Libya and the Alboran Sea will be … of millions of cubic meters of fossil freshwater from deep desert aquifers, via the Great Man-Made River Project … Ras Amer). The high elevated slopes are inter- sected with deep narrow wadis, emptying into narrow bays such as Wadi …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Implementing conservation and sustainable management of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

… that the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides the overarching legal framework for … of regional institutions; e. promote the conservation of deep sea biodiversity, implementation of UNGA resolutions and further assessments of biodiversity values of deep ocean areas, and the impacts of deep sea exploration and …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Large-scale marine protected areas - Guidelines for design and management

… threatened species, both terrestrial and marine, and has deep water seamounts with areas of high biological diversity … species new to science This fully protected site also has deep cosmological and traditional significance to Native … the tropics, and especially in the case of apex predators, sea turtles, seabirds, corals, giant clams and coconut crabs …
21 May 2026 Literature

Mapping the linkages between oceans and other Sustainable Development Goals: A preliminary exploration

… in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation … beaches, and dunes, seagrasses, coastal shelf ecosystems, deep water ecosystems (such as seamounts, hydrothermal vents, … by depth and region, and is typically lower in polar and deep waters due to lower temperatures, making polar areas …
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Global Mercury Assessment

… the slow transfer of mercury from surface waters into the deep oceans. In some species of Arctic marine animals, … were probably responsible. Studies from the South China Sea suggest a similar pattern occurring there more recently, … releases. Owing to their larger volumes, intermediate and deep ocean waters below 100 metres actually store much larger …
21 May 2026 Document in Chemicals and Waste

International ocean governance: Using international law and organisations to manage marine resources sustainably (revised)

… II. FOCUS ON LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS: The Framework Law of the Sea Convention and Associated Agreements … 55 Deep Seabed Biodiversity — III.D.1. … 92 II-2 At-Sea Waste Disposal (Dumping) and Maritime Transport of Wastes … further and further offshore. The day may yet arrive when deep seabed minerals are developed well beyond national …
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IUCN Information Papers on Marine Genetic Resources

… under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”. Resolution 67/78 further recalled the United Nations … water MGRs, in contrast to those organisms found on the deep sea floor, in ways that were not possible even five … which has driven aspects of biodiversity research in the deep sea and at hydrothermal centers. In the pelagic realm, …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX