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Wildlife and Forest Crime Toolkit (Revised Edition)

… the Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit, the term “offence” includes all activities that may be subject to … assistance in approaching existing wildlife and forest offence issues. While encompassing various international … • Identify different actors in the wildlife and forest offence chain, as well as factors that drive wildlife and …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The burden of proof in natural resources legislation: Some critical issues for fisheries law

… of proving that the defendant has committed a criminal offence, is placed upon the prosecution. This presumption is … the sale of food; breach of these standards is a criminal offence. In many legal systems these regulatory criminal … the factory or shop owner is deemed to have committed an offence, irrespective of whether they were aware of what had …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

ASEAN Handbook on legal cooperation to combat wildlife crime

… In this section, some of such constituting elements of offence have been sought and compiled in Table 2. The review … on Anti-money lAundering mAX imPrisonment wtt As PredicAte oFFence AseAn memBer stAtes 739,646 125,220 79,478,620 • • • … on Anti-money lAundering mAX imPrisonment wtt As PredicAte oFFence AseAn memBer stAtes 487,805 739,646 In the case of a …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Plant protection legislation

… are concerned, when it is often merely stated that an offence is any action which contravenes the regulations in … or licences, confiscation of articles relating to the offence or destruction thereof and temporary or definitive … installations or establishments. In the event of a further offence, the penalty payable for the first offence is usually …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Governing natural resources and the processes and institutions that affect them : North-West Frontier Province. Legislation.

… to issue notice to a person committing any municipal offence and initiate legal proceedings for continuance of commission of such offence or for failure to comply with the directions … and other money claimable under this Ordinance shall be an offence and the arrears shall be recovered as arrears of land …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Perspectives and guidelines on food legislation, with a new model food law

… to be selling safe food. In such a system, it is an offence to sell food without a licence or in an area not … be imposed and finally the procedures applicable once an offence has been committed. Deciding what activities are to … of foods and other items used in the commission of an offence. Some laws incorporate enhanced fines for persistent …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Outcome of court trials in the first two years of implementation of the Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 - Courtroom Monitoring Report 2014/2015

… by some magistrates to view wildlife crime as a serious offence. While the standard of case management varied … number „ Name(s) of accused person(s) „ Particulars of the offence as it appears on charge sheet „ Date of arrest „ Date … involving multiple defendants was prosecuted as a serious offence under the Prevention of Organized Crimes Act. 2 Kenya …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Enforcement of Environmental Law: Good Practices from Africa,Central Asia, ASEAN Countries and China

… happen ad hoc, or where there is reason to believe that an offence may be committee, or as part of an investigation. … Sierra Leone and Zambia: Depending on the nature of the offence, environmental officers might arrest and hand over … themselves. Kenya and Zambia: If the gravity of an offence is low, then summary penalties might be imposed …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Forest fires and the law: a guide for national drafters based on the fire management voluntary guidelines

… Fines are graduated according to the gravity of the offence (art. 65). The law also foresees withdrawal of … request. Refusal without valid reasons may consist in an offence, usually punished with a monetary sanction (and … legislation and failure thereof could be made an offence (FAO case studies: Bulgaria). On the other hand, an …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Croatia and marine protected areas: Legal and insituttional framework assessment for conservation of coastal and marine biodiversity and establishment of MPAs

… obtaining the due authorisation is an administrative offence (misdemeanour) for which an administrative fine will … with nature protection requirements is an administrative offence (misdemeanour) for which an administrative fine will … defined in a contract on concession is an administrative offence (misdemeanour) for which an administrative fine will …
01 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX