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Introduction to Freshwater Resources - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… 2. Regulation 3. The Hydrological Cycle Groundwater 5. Water Scarcity Climate Change 6. Water Pollution 7. Water … evaporates into the atmosphere and returns to Earth’s surface through condensation and precipitation. Evaporation may occur from any wet surface. Most water evaporates from the oceans, since they …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

UN Watercourses Convention User’s Guide

… agencies and other bodies responsi- ble for transboundary water issues. It is hoped that the document will also be … basins, which make up 62 percent of the continent’s land surface.18 Of these transboundary river basins, 16 are … which account for 39 percent of the continent’s land surface.21 Ten river basins, constituting 3,270,600 km2 of …
18 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

National Regulation of Freshwater resources - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Sustainable development Impact assessment Provision of water services 3. Lessons learned Manage freshwater for … and thus, sustainable development. Groundwater and surface water should not be treated separately: While there are differences between surface and groundwater that make some provisions applicable …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Regulation of Freshwater at the Regional and Subregional Levels - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Measures Principles Other obligations The Protocol on Water and Health The Protocol on Civil Liability 2. Protocol … development. Transboundary waters are defined as any surface or ground waters that mark, cross or are located on … http://leo.informea.org/terms/surface-water http://leo.informea.org/terms/groundwater …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… to cooperation in the joint management of shared water resources. Considering the authoritative character of … defines the term “watercourse” (article 2) as “a system of surface waters and ground waters constituting by virtue of … to take into account the physical unity of interconnected surface water and groundwater when managing shared freshwater …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Introduction to Marine Pollution - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… condensed and pulled into depressions in the planet’s surface. The Earth’s major oceanic depressions form the … Oceans. These oceans are a thin film over the Earth’s surface, on average, only a few kilometres deep. Oceans and … sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Introduction to the International Legal Framework on Marine Pollution

… condensed and pulled into depressions in the planet’s surface. The Earth’s major oceanic depressions form the … Oceans. These oceans are a thin film over the Earth’s surface, on average, only a few kilometres deep. Oceans and … sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Document - Freshwater Law and Governance: Global and Regional Perspectives for Sustainability

… 13 1.1 Water scarcity and governance … (Guaraní Aquifer Agreement), and the rest pertain to both surface and groundwater. In terms of geographic location, two … are bilateral (e.g. Indus Waters Treaty44). Most deal with surface water and groundwater; a few deal only with surface
18 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

Introduction to the International Legal Framework on Marine Biodiversity - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Our seas and oceans cover about 70% of the earth’s surface and play important functions in maintaining and … is the Baltic Sea, which is the largest body of brackish water in the world and contains many unique habitats that … islands or installations for producing energy from the water, currents or winds. Another use of the marine …
18 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Brochure - Sustainable Ocean Initiative

… for the environments that cover three-quarters of the surface of our globe—the environments that make ours a … By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, …
18 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater