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… contents 1. Why protecting the marine environment? Endemic species Other uses 2. Impact of human activities Industrial … Tourism and infrastructure development Fisheries Invasive alien species Climate change 3. Definition of marine … fishing practices, marine pollution, invasive alien species and climate change. Industrial and agricultural …

… The specific obligations related to pollution, alien species, and the marine environment include that States must … measures necessary to prevent the introduction of species, alien or new, into international watercourses” (article 22) …

… 21.3 Additional reading 180 Article 22 | Introduction of Alien or New Species 181 22.1 Commentary 181 22.2 Application 182 22.3 … Refer to pages 173-180 Article 22 - Introduction of alien or new species Watercourse States shall take all …

… of the sea-bed and subsoil together with sedentary species, such as clams and abalone, as provided in article … ... the intentional or accidental introduction of species, alien or new, to a particular part of the marine environment, … from” are intended to qualify the introduction of new or alien species as ‘pollution of the marine environment’ or at …

… to components of biodiversity (for example a particular species or habitat) as well as to processes and activities … preventing the introduction of, controlling or eradicating alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species. … function and biodiversity. Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, …

… human activities on habitats for important and endangered species and important ecosystem services for human benefits … accidental oil spills, nuclear accidents, invasive alien species from ballast water,2 among others. Overfishing … and the intentional or accidental introduction or new or alien species (article 196(1)). These issues are discussed …

… Biological Diversity and Ecosystems has four elements: 1. Species and habitats: assessments and development of measures to protect and conserve species and habitats included on the OSPAR List of Threatened … areas. It pays especial attention to the introduction of alien invasive species and reminds Parties of the obligation …

… threats to marine biodiversity as it may contain invasive alien species to the ecosystems where the ballast water is …

… 70 4.1.3. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) ............... 72 4.1.4. … Today the MDBA lists land degradation, salinity, and alien species as continuous challenges to the restored health … control of pollution, prevention of the introduction of alien species, and protection and preservation of the marine …