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Framework principles on Human Rights and the environment

… a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment. Each Principle has a comment- ary that elaborates on it and … to express their views on environmental issues (framework principle 5), understand environ- mental information, … of serious or irreversible damage.20 States should take precautionary measures to protect against such harm; D The …
21 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Principles and concepts of international environmental law (Part 2) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Preventive mechanisms Examples 4. “Polluter Pays Principle” Application Examples 5. Access and Benefit Sharing … 2. Precaution Precaution (also referred to as the “precautionary principle,” the “precautionary approach,” and the “principle of the …
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Guidelines - Biodiversity in Impact Assessment

… Biodiversity principles for impact assessment refer to the precautionary principle and no net loss principle, and stress the … enhancement should be identified and supported. The precautionary principle asks for a risk-averse and cautious …
21 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Regulation of Freshwater at the Regional and Subregional Levels - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… in the Southern African Development Community Objective Principle of unity and coherence of each shared watercourse … actions, by the following fundamental principles: The precautionary principle, according to which action to avoid … to meet their own needs. http://leo.informea.org/terms/precautionary-principle
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

The Law of the Sea

… in the Trail Smelter and Corfu Channel cases, and Principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration; and Article 195 … to the notion of sustainable development, there are the precautionary principle, integrated ecosystem management, … http://leo.informea.org/terms/precautionary-principle
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Regional Seas Agreements

… the 1992 OSPAR Convention obligates parties to apply the precautionary principle. This means that parties are to take measures to … monitoring and assessments. http://leo.informea.org/terms/precautionary-principle
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

E2 - Prevention of Aquifer Pollution

… to avoid effluent in line with the polluter-pays principle. For landfills, regulations on siting, operation, … the core obligations of international water law, and the precautionary principle. 4.2. UN Draft Articles on … harm to other aquifer States. Aquifer States shall take a precautionary approach in view of uncertainty about the …
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

The Fish Stock Agreement - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… 2. Objective and scope 3. Broader obligations 4. Precautionary approach 5. Compatibility of measures and … of states broader, stronger and more detailed. 4. Precautionary approach The widening of the obligations is, … (4)). While this is a treaty provision that applies in principle only between states that are parties to the 1995 …
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Background document - 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement

… and management of such stocks must be based on the precautionary approach and the best scientific evidence … The Agreement also elaborates on the fundamental principle established in the Convention that States should … functions; - Establishing general principles, such as the precautionary and ecosystem approaches for the conservation …
21 May 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

Transitioning to a pollution-free planet

… agenda – universality, inclusiveness, sustainability, precautionary and integration – respectively imply that: (i) … using polluter pays approaches (sustainability) (iv) Precautionary approaches are essential for guiding change, as … international agreements (Target 16.10) and in line with Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration and the Bali Guidelines …
21 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance