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Introduction to the International Legal Framework on Marine Biodiversity - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… have to be related to resource exploitation, for example by oil rigs, but could also take the form of land … of marine ecosystems. If affected organisms are consumed by humans, serious human health concerns can also arise. … nutrition and financial implications. Generally, by-catch of commercial uninteresting species, which is commonly …
31 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

… XII 6. Institutional Arrangements Other bodies established by UNCLOS 7. Conservation and management of living resources … a new international agreement 8. Resolutions adopted by the UN General Assembly 1. Introduction The rapid pace of … 61 requires a coastal state to establish a Total Allowable Catch (“TAC”) to ensure that the harvesting of living …
31 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Regional Fisheries Instruments and Bodies

… management measures, such as determine a total allowable catch (TAC) or allocate the TAC between the participating … account of associated and dependent species as required by the UNCLOS Convention but only CCAMLR and the IBSFC take a … Entity or Fishing Entity’ was created, which was enjoyed by Chinese Taipei, Bolivia, Suriname and Guyana at the time …
31 May 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Addressing pollution: Governance frameworks, challenges and oppotunities in the context of the 2030 Agenda

… as well as dumping at sea, and are often complemented by regional agreements and conventions on specific seas (Annex 5). Freshwater pollution is mostly addressed by regional agreements looking at specific transboundary … change, renewable energy developments, power lines, by-catch, underwater noise, ship strikes, poisoning, pollution, …
31 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Transitioning to a pollution-free planet

… place if preventive and curative actions are accompanied by system-wide enablers, based on opportunity and … It fully recognizes that what already has been achieved by governments and stakeholders needs to be built upon and … Preventing synthetic fibres • Oceans clean up prevents by-catch of unwanted fish and other marine species. Designed for …
31 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

White Paper - Regional Seas Governance

… Seas Programmes, many of them supported or coordinated by UNEP and now involving over 140 States; (ii) Regional … system more coherent, effective and efficient, including by strengthening the existing institutions and enhancing … explanation of acronyms for RFBs). 9 TAC total allowable catch UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United …
31 May 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater