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United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… obligations of affected parties, and (3) obligations of developed countries that are parties to the Convention. … basis, and/or on concessional, to affected developing country Parties. The Global Mechanism functions under the … between developed countries, developing countries, and least developed countries. Therefore, articles 17(1) and 18 …
01 Jul 2026 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

Climate Change- International Legal Regime - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Manual on International Environmental Law. It has been developed in collaboration with Mr. Dan Bondi Ogolla, former … of UNITAR or UN Environment concerning legal status of any country, territory or city or its authority or concerning the … countries. The Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) have been established …
01 Mar 2017 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

Handbook for the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its Protocols

… of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or … of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30 per cent, done at Helsinki, Finland, on 8 July 1985 … and policy. Over the past 35 years the Convention has developed its scientific base through its Cooperative …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Handbook of The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

… hold the rare distinction of having been ratified by every country in the world. The world first became aware that there … to them by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. 3. The Conference of the … of workshops and the identification of institutes in developed countries which can co-operate with appropriate …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Document - Freshwater Law and Governance: Global and Regional Perspectives for Sustainability

… “Institutional Challenge” ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was developed by the Division of Environmental Law and … the legal front, watercourse treaties have existed for at least 5000 years. Indeed, the first recorded treaty of any … and hydropower development. It has focal points in each country, the National Mekong Committees, that coordinate work …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

White Paper - Regional Seas Governance

… paper is a draft paper which will be completed, further developed and refined in the coming weeks. Its preliminary … or the ecosystem approach, they have been supportive in at least two ways. Firstly, in 2000 the 5th COP (COP-5) to the … Second, while LME “champions” claim that “the projects are country driven” (Sherman and Hempel 2008), they are still …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

… shall be communicated to the Parties by the Secretariat at least six months before the meeting of the Parties at which … 11 of the Convention and the non-compliance procedure developed under Article 8 of the Protocol. Article 4B: … of developing countries 1. Any Party that is a developing country and whose annual calculated level of consumption of …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

The Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… vote against it. To maintain an equitable balance between developed and developing states, these decisions must be … which are supported by the Fund. The Committee meets at least twice a year. The Fund Secretariat was established in … Committee to assist article 5 countries by preparing country programmes, feasibility studies and project …
01 Jul 2026 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

3rd UNCCD Scientific Conference: Book of abstracts

… the CST Bureau, the STK4SD consortium and the host country, has been in charge of following-up the conference … model. An ecologically-based quantitative niche model was developed to assess the vulnerability of selected species to … (about 30 %) on the people resided in developing and least developing countries. Furthermore the people depended …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

The UNCCD: Laying the groundwork for future security (2014-2015)

… bring together implementation of the Rio Conventions at country level. Climate Change Adaptation In practical terms, … by profiling successful interventions that offer at least three main benefits, including climate change … to promote technology transfer will be identified or developed, and relevant facilitation channels will be …
01 Jul 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere