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United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… obligations of affected parties, and (3) obligations of developed countries that are parties to the Convention. … of developing countries, especially those in Africa, developed countries that are parties to the Convention have … basis, and/or on concessional, to affected developing country Parties. The Global Mechanism functions under the …
21 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

Climate Change- International Legal Regime - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Manual on International Environmental Law. It has been developed in collaboration with Mr. Dan Bondi Ogolla, former … of UNITAR or UN Environment concerning legal status of any country, territory or city or its authority or concerning the … LEGAL REGIME This 3-hour self-paced course has been developed under the InforMEA Project. InforMEA is steered by …
01 Mar 2017 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

Ozone Depletion - Chapter 9 - UNEP Training Manual on International Environmental Law

… human health and national economies. Since not one country can control ozone depletion, it is an important issue … 2013, followed by a gradual reduction from 2015 to 2030. Developed countries committed to complete the accelerated … vote against it. To maintain an equitable balance between developed and developing states, these decisions must be …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

… 11 of the Convention and the non-compliance procedure developed under Article 8 of the Protocol. Article 4B: … of developing countries 1. Any Party that is a developing country and whose annual calculated level of consumption of … without prejudice to any future arrangements that may be developed with respect to other environmental issues. Article …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Handbook of The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

… hold the rare distinction of having been ratified by every country in the world. The world first became aware that there … of workshops and the identification of institutes in developed countries which can co-operate with appropriate … be met by bilateral or multilateral co-operation; (b) Developed countries to make voluntary contributions to the …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Document - Freshwater Law and Governance: Global and Regional Perspectives for Sustainability

… “Institutional Challenge” ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was developed by the Division of Environmental Law and … and hydropower development. It has focal points in each country, the National Mekong Committees, that coordinate work … the Water Act in which the agreement is embedded, the MDBA developed a Basin Plan for managing the basin. The Millennium …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

3rd UNCCD Scientific Conference: Book of abstracts

… the CST Bureau, the STK4SD consortium and the host country, has been in charge of following-up the conference … model. An ecologically-based quantitative niche model was developed to assess the vulnerability of selected species to … used indices are the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) developed by McKee et al., (1993) and measures precipitation …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

Obligations - The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… 2013, followed by a gradual reduction from 2015 to 2030. Developed countries committed to complete the accelerated … also decides on appropriate action in case a developing country informs the Secretariat that it is not able to … of the Multilateral Fund, financial support provided by developed countries is an essential tool to induce compliance …
21 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Climate and Atmosphere

Desertification: the invisible frontline

… could have secured between 3-7 million hectares of land, a country whose total arable area is 15 million hectares. in … land are at their most effective when they are part of a country-wide or regional-level effort to preserve and … the initiative has clear targets and is part of the country’s national economic and social Development Plan. in …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Climate and Atmosphere

White Paper - Regional Seas Governance

… paper is a draft paper which will be completed, further developed and refined in the coming weeks. Its preliminary … management was explicitly stimulated by Agenda 21, as developed at the 1992 United Nations Conference on … Second, while LME “champions” claim that “the projects are country driven” (Sherman and Hempel 2008), they are still …
21 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater