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… adverse effects of human activities. The OSPAR maritime area, as defined in Article 1(a) of the Convention, includes … OSPAR Ministers agreed to establish of a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) and, in 2003, recommended the … evaluation of the potential impact of shipping on marine protected areas in order to understand any potential benefit …

… the globe, and an increased use of both integrated coastal area management and environmental impact assessment. Legally …

… The OSPAR Commission 3. Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife in the Wider Caribbean Region … Sea Against Pollution 5. Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean … of the ecosystems and biological diversity of the maritime area,’ while Appendix 3 contains ‘criteria for identifying …

… marine ecosystem MOP Meeting of the Parties MPA marine protected area MSY maximum sustainable yield Nm nautical miles RFB … the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (2009);55 and Marine Protected Areas and Fisheries (2011).56 Some RFBs already …

… the regime for the exploitation of the deep sea-bed in the area in part XI of UNCLOS. An important group of developed … Shelf,’ part VII ‘High Seas,’ and part XI ‘The Area.’ Of the remaining thematic parts, part XII ‘Protection … such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas 3. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs); …

… Asian Seas, Eastern Africa, South Asian Seas, ROPME Sea Area, Mediterranean, North-East Pacific, Northwest Pacific, … processes. The Protocol concerning Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas was adopted on 2 April 1982 and entered into … was amended and renamed the Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the …

… assembly and participation in decision-making were protected via the transparency and public participation good … These basins include nearly half of the world’s land area and 40% of the world’s population. Moreover, there are … in the area “had inflicted serious damage on the protected wetlands.”259 Each of the countries had listed one …

… in terms of strengthening international law in this area, and given the fact that many states rely on the goods … and the ecosystems of international watercourses must be protected. Part II | General Principles (Articles 5-10) … every individual has an equal right to pollute and to be protected from pollution.209 Thus, each state would be …

… state or a group of coastal states that have identified an area within their EEZ where marine biodiversity is threatened … Maritime Organization (“IMO”) to designate this area as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (“PSSA”) and have one or more associated protective …

… national jurisdiction, inter alia, the high seas and the area, only the CBD provisions on processes and activities … for example, through the establishment of a network of protected areas where measures apply to conserve one or more … to fisheries, effective and sustainable management of protected. …