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Introduction to Freshwater Resources - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… 2. Regulation 3. The Hydrological Cycle Groundwater 5. Water Scarcity Climate Change 6. Water Pollution 7. Water … evaporates into the atmosphere and returns to Earth’s surface through condensation and precipitation. Evaporation may occur from any wet surface. Most water evaporates from the oceans, since they …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

UN Watercourses Convention User’s Guide

… agencies and other bodies responsi- ble for transboundary water issues. It is hoped that the document will also be … basins, which make up 62 percent of the continent’s land surface.18 Of these transboundary river basins, 16 are … which account for 39 percent of the continent’s land surface.21 Ten river basins, constituting 3,270,600 km2 of …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

National Regulation of Freshwater resources - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Sustainable development Impact assessment Provision of water services 3. Lessons learned Manage freshwater for … and thus, sustainable development. Groundwater and surface water should not be treated separately: While there are differences between surface and groundwater that make some provisions applicable …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Regulation of Freshwater at the Regional and Subregional Levels - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Measures Principles Other obligations The Protocol on Water and Health The Protocol on Civil Liability 2. Protocol … development. Transboundary waters are defined as any surface or ground waters that mark, cross or are located on … http://leo.informea.org/terms/surface-water http://leo.informea.org/terms/groundwater …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… to cooperation in the joint management of shared water resources. Considering the authoritative character of … defines the term “watercourse” (article 2) as “a system of surface waters and ground waters constituting by virtue of … to take into account the physical unity of interconnected surface water and groundwater when managing shared freshwater …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Introduction to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits

… condensed and pulled into depressions in the planet’s surface. The Earth’s major oceanic depressions form the … Oceans. These oceans are a thin film over the Earth’s surface, on average, only a few kilometres deep. Oceans and … sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Biological Diversity

Introduction to Marine Pollution - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… condensed and pulled into depressions in the planet’s surface. The Earth’s major oceanic depressions form the … Oceans. These oceans are a thin film over the Earth’s surface, on average, only a few kilometres deep. Oceans and … sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Introduction to the International Legal Framework on Marine Pollution

… condensed and pulled into depressions in the planet’s surface. The Earth’s major oceanic depressions form the … Oceans. These oceans are a thin film over the Earth’s surface, on average, only a few kilometres deep. Oceans and … sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Ramsar Convention Manual, 6th Edition

… at low tide, as well as human-made wetlands such as waste-water treatment ponds and reservoirs. Copyright © Ramsar … hectares (1.97 million square kilometres), larger than the surface area of France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and … life. They occur where the water table is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by shallow …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Document - Freshwater Law and Governance: Global and Regional Perspectives for Sustainability

… 13 1.1 Water scarcity and governance … (Guaraní Aquifer Agreement), and the rest pertain to both surface and groundwater. In terms of geographic location, two … are bilateral (e.g. Indus Waters Treaty44). Most deal with surface water and groundwater; a few deal only with surface
22 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater