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UNEP Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… from and how do they develop? MEAs differ in scope and substance. Nevertheless, they tend to be formulated through a … yourself with the position of a larger group, or in the alternative, announce your intention to speak on behalf of a … Madame Chair, my delegation is of the view that the alternative approach we have just described may offer the …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Land-Based Sources of Marine Pollution - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… such factors as the characteristics and composition of the substance, impacts on the receiving environment and the … of alternatives such as waste production avoidance and alternative disposal methods. Airborne pollution is addressed …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Food and Agriculture Organization (2017), Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade

… 7 3.3 Alternative bilateral arrangements … and subsequently their negative impacts. In the absence of alternative treatments being available for certain situations … (CPM, 2008) has been adopted in relation to this issue. Alternative treatments that are more environmentally friendly …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

UN Watercourses Convention User’s Guide

… Glossary of Legal Terms 272 10 Water is a wonderful, vital substance. But we are running out of it. While the amount of … argued that those vital human needs could be satisfied by alternative supplies of water. Pursuant to the need to account for ‘the availability of alternative’ under Article 6 of the UN Watercourses …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

An Explanatory Guide to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

… of its future users, and feedback on whether the text, in substance and format, facilitated the understanding of the … the objective of the Protocol is not undermined by such alternative arrange- ments. Parties may not use a separate … particularly access to electronic in- formation systems, alternative non- electronic information systems, and re- …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Marine Pollution and Ballast Waters

… also why it was regarded as inappropriate to lay down its substance in an Annex to MARPOL 73/78. Treatment in this …
22 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

White Paper - Regional Seas Governance

… Decision-making Decisions of the Commission on matters of substance shall be taken by consensus. The question of whether a matter is one of substance shall be treated as a matter of substance.373 Financial arrangements Expenditures Further …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater

Document - The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: its History and Development

… produce a final draft, incorporating the above matters of substance and also the various drafting points discussed and … three streams of nomads passed through it twice a year. Alternative arrangements had not been made before there was a … term. Continuity is also served through the appointment of alternative regional representatives. At the Montreux …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Publication - An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… utilization) Extracts (raw material) of the plant are substance of the content in the product (natural medicine, … of TRIPS establishing such patent requirements or alternative approaches could be more effective in ensuring … Rukundo, 2010). Indeed, the term utilization or its alternative forms (e.g., utilized, use, or used) inform the …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Document - Freshwater Law and Governance: Global and Regional Perspectives for Sustainability

… are Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and committed to using alternative sources of energy that do not emit high levels of …
22 Jun 2026 Document in Marine and Freshwater