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E2 - Prevention of Aquifer Pollution

… the linkages with the obligation not to cause significant harm will be analyzed. Purpose: The objective of this class … in the scope of surface water agreements but with no detailed attention to the specific characteristics of … its consequences can constitute a form of transboundary harm, the obligation to prevent, reduce and control pollution …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

MEA Negotiator’s Handbook

… ’save the world’ in Stockholm - or Rio, or Johannesburg. No single conference can solve all of the problems that such … of the United Nations highlighted that ”Support for the rule of law would be enhanced if countries signed and ratifi … law, the traditional obligation to prevent transboundary harm has always been triggered by a high standard of proof, …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Addressing pollution: Governance frameworks, challenges and oppotunities in the context of the 2030 Agenda

… (Figure 15) (data updated from Boyd 2012). Although no international agreement explicitly recognizes the right to … transport Non-solid fuels access Cook/heating stoves No. of Countries0 193 Countries that have implemented … that are liable to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

A2 - Integrating Environmental Concerns in National Water Law

… as a limit on the government’s allocation authority. This rule bars new abstractions or impoundments. It requires the … generic direction that an abstraction right trade must not harm the environment is found in the Water Act of Honduras … services component from other components. However, no specific criteria are provided by the law for the relevant …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Mr. John Knox, Policy Brief_Universal Human Rights Group

… stake coupled with a high level of corruption and lack of rule of law. EHrDs offered a number of concrete examples to … of the officer’s killing but served only a few months. no one was charged with killing Chut Wutty.32 other … states have obligations to protect against environmental harm that interferes with the enjoyment of human rights. …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

E1 - Regulation of the Environment - Support Function of Groundwater Systems

… whether in excess of natural recharge or where no recharge occurs, can deplete the aquifer. It can also … an example, the Water Resources Management Act of Namibia, No. 11 of Dec. 2013 provides: Para. 63 – Wastage of … controlled activities or aquifer interference Para. 345 – Harm to aquifers and waterfront land (1) A person who harms …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

B1 - The Principle of Equitable and Reasonable Use

… contrasting positions 9. The pre-eminent substantive rule of international water law 10. Giving effect to the … field;[4] 2. the duty to prevent significant transboundary harm, as enshrined in Article 7 of the UNWC; and 3. the duty … these waters to an unlimited extent, but accordingly has no right to demand continued flow or quality from another …
25 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

International Environmental law-making and Diplomacy Review

… bodies in in- stances in which the primary treaty contains no enabling clause. The paper further provides an … Law Methods: Tools for Conceptualising the Interna- tional Rule of Law’, 2 Erasmus Law Review (2009) 291-309. 99 Revised … policies, strategies and measures for minimizing harm to human health and the environment by hazardous wastes …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… purpose of dealing with climate change issues.16 Although no formal charter exists for AOSIS, the group does have the … �� earth Negotiations Bulletin, aBs-� highlights, vol. �, No. �0�, �� february �00�, at … Negotiations Bulletin, SAICM PrepCom 2 Highlights, vol.��, No.�0�, � october �00�, at http://www.iisd.ca/vol��/ …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Defenders of the Earth

… intimidation and harassment, but receive little or no protection from authorities. These activists defend … and their clients; using their leverage to minimize harm. They should condemn the threats publically, and open … to business stability too. Both benefit from transparency, rule of law and civic freedoms International law – …
25 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance