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Conferences of the Parties (COP)

25 May 2026 Video in Environmental Governance

Guidance on the Practical Application of the Espoo Convention

… significant adverse transboundary impacts by the affected Party (Article 3.7) 15 2.8 Preparation of the EIA … rumours develop and by letting citizens in the affected Party present their opinions on activities that may have an … due to too complicated or poor organisation within a Party. Clear rules of procedure and with clearly identified …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

International Environmental law-making and Diplomacy Review

… ‘comparable’ documentation requirements for trade with non-Party states under Art. X of CITES (Convention on … the responsibility of individual Parties. While each Party will always be required to take measures to give effect … of some MEAs6 has thus moved from simply relying on each Party to play its part in achieving a collective outcome, to …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

MEA Negotiator’s Handbook

… only the Parties to a framework convention can become Party to a subsequent protocol (though this depends on the … are binding on all Parties to a treaty (unless a Party has made a valid reservation). To many, this means that … care should be taken to ascertain the intent of another Party. Nonetheless, declarations and MOUs are among the …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

UN Treaty Handbook

… to the United Nations efforts to assist States in becoming party to the international treaty framework and in … by an overview of the steps involved in a State becoming a party to a treaty. The following section highlights the key … and recording functions of the Secretariat, and how a party may go about submitting a treaty for registration or …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… Guide only addresses MEAs. Basic Terms State: A country. Party: A State (country) that has ratified a treaty. Contracting Party: A phrase used to refer to a State that has ratified a treaty. Non-Party: A State that has not ratified a treaty. Observer: …
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance

Sources of international law (Part I) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… Parties to the main treaty are not obliged to become party to an optional protocol. An optional protocol is … it shall have made its intention clear not to become a party to the treaty; or (b) it has expressed its consent to … open for a state to make a reservation on becoming a party. A reservation modifies or excludes the application of …
26 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Multilateral Environmental Agreements - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… resolution, in the sense that resort to binding third party procedures is avoided. The treaty parties will instead … based on the 1987 Montreal Protocol. It is possible for a party itself to draw the attention of the implementing …
26 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Unit 2 - the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context

… activities early in the decision making process. Each party must establish an EIA procedure for the development … of a transboundary environmental impact, the affected party can call for the establishment of an Inquiry Commission to advise the affected parties. The party initiating the disputed project is not obligated to …
26 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Compliance under the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions

… for chemicals banned or severely restricted by a Party (Article 12) •Also: •No reporting but notification of … trust fund, of the implementation fund to assist any Party that is a developing country or a country with an … dealing with specific submissions (closed unless the Party concerned and the Committee agree otherwise). Party
26 May 2026 Document in Environmental Governance