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… etic R eso u rces fo r F o o d an d A g ricu ltu re IUCN Environmental Law Programme IUCN – The World Conservation … IPR – Intellectual Property Right MTA – Material Transfer Agreement PGR – Plant Genetic Resources PGRFA – Plant Genetic … use of PGRFA. The International Undertaking18 was a voluntary (non legally-binding) agreement which sought “to …

… diversity is more important for farming than any other environmental factor, because it enables adaptation to … to a fund in recognition of these rights should not be voluntary. Practically speaking, a voluntary fund is a fund … an appropriate sui generis system, in line with the TRIPS Agreement. Such an approach could incorporate the ‘farmers’ …

… Treaty is the first legally binding international agreement to recognize the contribution of local and … of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 57. Pp. 66-78 3 For … research and breeding. • these funds are complemented with voluntary contributions from countries, international …

… 29 2.3. The TRIPs Agreement … case, prior negotiations with the patent owner seeking a voluntary licence, limitations on the scope and duration of … and specific trade obligations set out in multilateral environmental agreements" while preserving the rights of WTO …

… (WTO), and are thus obliged to implement the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property … much more. A financial mechanism for 5 major international environmental conventions: The Minamata Convention on … indicators for food security; indigenous food systems; and voluntary guidelines on the governance of tenure. vi. The …