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… and collective forms of social organization, including customary institutions for agro-ecological management, … farm-saved seed/propagating material, subject to national law and as appropriate. In addition to farmers, the wording … systems, thereby enabling them to continue with their customary practices for the conservation and sustainable use …

… governments Laurence R. Helfer for the Development Law Service FAO Legal Office All rights reserved. … the core obligations of TRIPs article 27.3(b). Exempting customary uses of plant varieties. Another way to recognize … of indigenous communities would be to privilege their customary uses of plant varieties, an ambiguous term that …

… Varieties and Famers’ Rights. Challenges in taxonomy and law (ed) M. Halewood. Bioversity International, Earthscan … access by researchers or commercial users observes customary values and laws. It allows communities to establish … of unfair exploitation. The protocol agreement is based on customary norms and three main principles of the Andean …

… rces fo r F o o d an d A g ricu ltu re IUCN Environmental Law Programme IUCN – The World Conservation Union Founded in … impacts on biological diversity; protect and encourage customary uses of biological resources in accordance with … in international law; however, it contains expressions of customary international law and strongly normative language. …