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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

… aircrafts. The main exception to that jurisdiction is the right of innocent passage for ships of all states under … (articles 55-57). These resources include those in the water column, such as fish, and on or under the sea bed, for … Areas beyond national jurisdiction The water column that is not part of the internal waters, …
20 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

The long and winding road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

… are meas- ured from a defined baseline, generally the low- water mark (Article 5).6 The key areas of State sov- ereignty … from the baseline (Article 3). The coastal State has the right to set laws, regulate use, and exploit any resource … having fringing reefs, the baseline is the “seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on …
20 Jun 2026 Literature

Convention on Biological Diversity

… schemes, improved border controls and quarantine, water and waste management, use of ecosystem based approaches … By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland-water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, …
20 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater