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… . . . . . . 62 5.3 Certification systems and schemes, and private and voluntary standards . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Part … . . . . . . 62 5.3 Certification systems and schemes, and private and voluntary standards . . . . . . . . . . . 63 13 … Callister, “Corrupt and illegal activities in the forest sector: current understandings and implications for the World …

… evasion and fraud, and supply fuel through the informal sector. For pulp and paper production, networks of shell … of infor- mation from stakeholders, such as civil society, private sector, indigenous peoples, governments and a wider … to effectively work with and engage civil society and the private sector in efforts to identify alternatives to …

… most of Zimbabwe's rhino populations mostly remained in private conservancies offering better protection), levels of … rate in South Africa has now reached nearly 5% and some private rhino owners are beginning to divest of rhino on … government stockpiles and other sources, illegal private sector sales and the re-direction of legally sport-hunted …

… by governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, communities, and the local citizenry to work … Governments, international law enforce- ment agencies, the private sector, revenue agencies, global financial …

… Those holding ivory for non- commercial purposes (in private use) were no longer required to obtain a licence. … harder to trace. Transactions are often undertaken through private, one-on-one and encrypted messaging, making it … require law enforcement agencies to work with the private sector, especially those that provide servers, to prevent …

… taxation, illicit financial flows and the role of the private sector, particularly in conflict-affected states and states … that support and foster growth of the nature-based tourism sector, to creating additional constraints that deter …

… the criminal market. Key species-products for each sector are explored as case studies. Some sec- ondary … authorities as contraband. This is commonly later sold to private buyers at auction.7 In each case, the trees are … and the damage to the environment is done. The state or private firms are saddled with large volumes of wood and have …

… groups and co-opting some elements of Africa’s security sector. u An immediate bolstering of Africa’s wildlife ranger … could fuel a sense of impunity within Africa’s security sector that further jeopardizes professionalism and triggers … to some parks and provincial officials as well as private reserve and game park owners in South Africa.7 …

… possible without the commitment of ASEAN and an array of private-public partners: ASEAN Member States, US Agency for … company and trade records, as well as authentic and private documents; Identify or provide expert witnesses and … are required an approval from the agriculture and forestry sector and are required to register such enterprise as …