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The Enivronmental Crime Crisis - Threats to Sustainable Development from Illegal Exploitation and Trade in Wildlife and Forest Resources. A UNEP Rapid Assessment

… demand-reduction strategies, and promotion of alternative livelihood opportunities. Fully understanding the phenomenon … consumer- and demand-reduction strategies, and alternative livelihood opportunities. Understanding the phenomenon … forests and on the communities that rely on them for their livelihood. Dense forests can serve as hideouts for insurgent …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wildlife and Forest Crime Toolkit (Revised Edition)

… communities depend upon wildlife and forests for their livelihood. An estimated 350 million people worldwide live in … that all enforcement operations take into account the livelihood and social impact of criminalizing the relevant … for example), chainsaw milling is also seen as alternative livelihood for ex-combatants. 296 Marcus Colchester and …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Illicit wildlife trafficking: An environmental economic and social issue

18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

World Wildlife Crime Report - Trafficking in protected species

… and their collection represents a sig- nificant livelihood for rural people. To better understand this … tions (Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia and even DRC) when the livelihood became unsustainable in the 1990s.47 Trafficking …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Tackling, poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking in Africa

… of wildlife resources, thus creating an alter- native livelihood to poaching. Ivory is then smuggled via different …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

ASEAN Handbook on legal cooperation to combat wildlife crime

… exception must be made for property necessary for the livelihood of the offender and his family according to the … or for leisure which is not for commercial, occupation or livelihood purposes may be allowed. Upon a summary finding of … including provision for scholarships; supplementary livelihood for poverty alleviation; and improvement of …
18 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX