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Pay : Establishing payments for watershed services

… were reduced. Similarly, water utilities would not in principle have an incentive to protect a wetland from … The major private sector buyer, Florida Ice & Farm, pays its share of contracts directly. Case 4 Securing … are not eligible for compensation. Energía Global pays US$ 18 per hectare to FONAFIFO, which then adds an …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Spring: Managing groundwater sustainability

… sub- sidiarity, conjunctive use and the precautionary principle. Water users should take part in developing … zones. Incentives for control of pollution apply the ‘polluter-pays-principle’ Under the ‘polluter-pays-principle’, …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Issues in water law reform

… response to the High Court which would impose a "free flow principle", instead of the High Court's rules. A series of … the economic instruments by making operational the "user pays" and "polluter pays" principles. That is, the tariff for …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Law for water management: a guide to concepts and effective approaches

… in periods of heavy rainfall. equitable utilization: the principle that each state within an international drainage … PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL WATER LAW 3.1. Precaution 3.2. Polluter pays 3.3. Common but differentiated responsibility 3.4. …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Rule: Reforming water governance

… of water resources. Acceptance and implementation of this principle requires positive policies to address women’s … MUST BE SUPPORTED BY LAWS AND RULES” Case 4.5 New York pays upstream users to keep its water clean New York City has … surface waters through economic incentives. Based on the ‘polluter-pays principle’, it will charge those …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Guidebook for policy and legislative development on conservation and sustainable use of freshwater resources

… issues. It addresses such issues as the precautionary principle, adaptive management, and the importance of data … approach, the principle of avoided harm, and the polluter pays principle. The precautionary approach states that where …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Groundwater in international law: Compilation of treaties and other legal instruments

… on Environment and Development which states, in its Principle 2, that States have, in accordance with the Charter … potential transboundary impact, on the other hand; (b) The polluter-pays principle, by virtue of which costs of pollution …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Regulation of Freshwater at the Regional and Subregional Levels - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… in the Southern African Development Community Objective Principle of unity and coherence of each shared watercourse … between the substances and the transboundary impact; The “polluter paysprinciple, according to which the costs of pollution …
20 Jul 2026 Course lesson in Marine and Freshwater

Flow : The essentials of environmental flows

… regime rather than pre-derived statistics. A fundamental principle is to maintain integrity, natural seasonality and … funds are deposited in a Forestry Investment Fund, which pays landholders to maintain or plant trees. In a number of … status quo. Removing these obstacles is difficult, but it pays to at least understand them – as working against them …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Governance of Shared Waters - Legal and Institutional Issues

… sovereignty over international rivers is limited by the principle of freedom of navigation. However, if the … is based on the following principles: precaution, polluter-pays, preventive action, participation and the fair and …
20 Jul 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX