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Intellectual property rights in plant varieties: International legal regimes and policy options for national governments
… OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2004 Intellectual property rights in plant varieties International legal regimes and … by governmental authorities to control certain products of human intellectual effort and ingenuity. (OECD 1996, p. 12). … underlie the decision to grant IPRs in the products of human intellectual effort and ingenuity. Elements of these …
International trade rules and the agriculture sector: selected implementation issues
… the WTO covers trade in services and intellectual property rights, as well as trade in all goods, including agricultural … exclude from protection any "discoveries, methods of human treatment, inventions the exploitation of which would … in general are subject to various hazards, be they human- induced such as deliberate food contamination and …
Principles of phytosanitary legislation
… its frontiers or boundaries. M-15 ISBN 92-5-104085-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be … risks and hazards of one or another disease in terms of human health or plant protection and the health of animals. … from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, subject to the …
WTO Panel Report on the "EC-Biotech" Case: Considerations for Trade and Development"
… particularly for developing countries with insufficient human and financial resources for swift yet effective … WTO Members to attain their chosen level of protection for human, animal or plant life or health. In this regard, the … Members to adopt and enforce measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and the need to …
Illicit wildlife trafficking: An environmental economic and social issue
… the wildlife species directly affected; they impact on human lives, including the many rangers who have paid the … and economies (see above), but also of labour and human rights abuses. A UNODC study on Transnational Organized …
Strategic Report: Environment, Peace and Security - a Convergence of Threats
… Organization (ICPO) – INTERPOL and UN Environment. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole … such as corruption or diverse trafficking (drugs, weapons, human beings). Fig. 2: The need for coordination and … law delivers for people and the planet; • Protecting Human Rights and the Environment: increasing the …
Enhancing regulatory tools to support sustainable and legal trade in timber and non-timber plant products
… set of targets plants to biodiversity conservation and human health is referenced in the Guidelines on Conservation … the FWS, e.g. under social and economic criteria on labour rights, health and safety, minimum wage, etc. Compliance is … of respecting traditional uses, practices and customary rights, whether or not these are enshrined in national law. …
The Green Customs Guide to Multilateral Environmental Agreements
… are considered to be “environmentally sensitive” for human health or ecosystems because of their inherent … great and sometimes serious impacts of seemingly harmless human activities on the Earth’s fragile environment. In … the environment from the sometimes adverse effects of human activities or at least minimise their impact. When …
Wildlife protection and trafficking assessment in Kenya - Drivers and trends of transnational wildlife crime in Kenya and its role as a transit point for trafficked species in East Africa
… GNI Gross National Income GoK Government of Kenya HEC Human-Elephant Conflict ICRW International Convention for the … mainly driven by anthropogenic factors. Rapid human population growth and large-scale developments have … membership-driven organization working to defend property rights and to find collaborative solutions to common land use …