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Intellectual property rights in plant varieties: International legal regimes and policy options for national governments

… national IPR laws. Thus, for example, the inventor of a genetically enhanced variety of corn who seeks patent … whether as cultivated by farmers in the field or modified through breeder innovations, were part of the … them. And in a few instances, Members that have not modified their laws instead have negotiated settlements …
21 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

WTO Panel Report on the "EC-Biotech" Case: Considerations for Trade and Development"

… 3 II. Status of commercialized genetically modified crops … rules on approval, marketing, imports and labelling of genetically modified (GM) crops are perceived to hamper international …
21 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The Green Customs Guide to Multilateral Environmental Agreements

… and toxic waste, rare and endangered species and living modified organisms. Many of these items are controlled under … Such organisms are also often referred to as genetically modified organisms or GMOs. The Protocol is a … fish, animals for breeding, bacteria or any other micro-organism for use in the open environment, and other planting …
21 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

International trade rules and the agriculture sector: selected implementation issues

… over an agreed transition period while maintaining a modified version of it for so-called 107 July Package, para. … individuals within a species which forms a permanent and genetically distinguishable variety while a variety is a … let us examine the possibilities of what the term "micro-organism" would mean. According to the Concise Oxford …
21 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX