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Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms

… c i n g is generally bigger in countries where the energy sector is state-owned. State companies are usually treated as public service entities and are not required to maximise … cause inefficient energy use, are a major burden on public finances and have resulted in poor energy-sector
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The environmental impact of economic incentives for agricultural production: a comparative law study

… stimulating agricultural production 22 1. The agricultural sector sensu stricto 22 2. The forestry sector 25 3. The … notions, particularly as the concepts transmitted by the public finances are interdisciplinary". 24/ In the meantime, … as follows: "taxes are financial resources instituted by a public power and exacted without any direct reciprocal …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Economic measures for biodiversity planning: An annotated bibliography of methods, experiences and cases

… indexes of the literature by region, country, ecosystem or sector and topic. This bibliography is not exhaustive, and … from these ecosystems are recognised. The role of the public and private sectors in initiating valuation studies is … to fund programs. They tend to be governed by mixed public-private sector boards, often with NGOs often as …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Payments for Ecosystem Services - Legal and Institutional Frameworks

… 12 3.1.3 Public PES Schemes … 38 5.2.1 Public Institutions … municipal and national government funding; – Private sector – making voluntary and required payments for … developers, irrigation districts or the hydro-energy sector, all of which could be dedicated to PES activities. So …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Legal and institutional aspects of urban and peri-urban foresty and greening

… of suitable areas as an effective way of increasing public awareness and participation in protecting and managing … any law, zoning scheme or spatial plan, for the purpose of public recreation, conservation, the installation of public … Governments, with the participation of the private sector, non- governmental organizations, local community …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Markets and Incentives in Livelihoods and Landscapes Strategy. Using Economic and Financial Tools to Sustain Forest Livelihoods and Landscapes

… 1,000 staff in 60 offi ces and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. … billion or 0.2 percent of the world’s GDP (7). The forest sector is thought to provide for more than 10% of the GDP in … services to be better incorporated into private and public decision-making, and used to identify means of …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

CITES and CBNRM. Proceedings of an international symposium on “The relevance of CBNRM to the conservation and sustainable use of CITES-listed species in exporting countries”

… over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. … local and global, rich and poor, government and private sector, and across diverse interest groups. Working in … Cooperation Centre, Vienna, Austria) for the official and public support of SADOCC for the initiative. A Proceedings of …
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A Gateway to Payments for Ecosystem Services. Using Payments for Ecosystem Services for Livelihoods and Landscapes

… to further engage economic policy makers and the private sector in conservation efforts. 3 Recommended reading � … to human well-being and sets out an ambitious agenda for public investment and policy reform”. Conservation in … of ecosystem services. The use of economic incentives in public policy is no new endeavour. However, a main …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Community - based incentives for nature conservation

… arrangements between local communities and the private sector in the North-west Serengeti, Tanzania … waste management and pollution control, and environmental sector policies which fail to consider issues of local … resource degradation. Of particular importance are public sector, macroeconomic and sectoral policy reform, and …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Review of laws, policies and economic instruments related to payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam

… use the forest products derived from them for domestic and public purposes (Article 30.1). Special use forests may also … 2004 recognises a general right to benefit from public works in forest protection and development (Article … the concept is comprehensively explained to the general public in lay person’s terms. If “payments for ecosystem …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX