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Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms
… in recent years. In many European countries, subsidies to oil are often offset by special taxes and levies intended … transit can also be substantial with direct benefit to the oil industry as they drive up the demand for oil products. … concerns, particularly climate change and local pollution. In some cases, governments subsidise these …
Economic measures for biodiversity planning: An annotated bibliography of methods, experiences and cases
… Ecosystem or sector focus: Forests, Watersheds Topics: Pollution, Valuation, Economic instruments #17. Barbier, E. … studies of a water utility, leisure industry, airport, oil company and financial institution. The Use of Economic … where a fixed amount of lead rights was allocated to oil refiners. Refiners who did not use their full allocation …
Review of laws, policies and economic instruments related to payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam
… No. 67/2003/ND-CP, 13/06/2003, limiting environmental pollution caused by waste water, guiding the economical use … 27. Decree No. 78/200/ND-CP, 26/12/2000, on petrol and oil charges 28. Inter-Sectoral Circular No. … 31. Decision No. 64/2003/QD-TTg, guiding the control of pollution and waste 32. Decision No. 34/2002/QD-BNNPTNT, …
Payments for Ecosystem Services - Legal and Institutional Frameworks
… and control policies may be effective in controlling pollution from well-defined point sources, such as factories … only refer to nonrenewable natural resources, such as oil and gas, or if the property right limitation will apply … alterations to the soils, and, in certain areas, oil spills due to oil exploration. 1 1 ACTO. 2004. Strategic …