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Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms
… such as the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, explicitly require a reduction of subsidies that encourage greenhouse-gas … result in zero emissions. Indeed, many countries set emission limits based on best-available abatement technology … are in many cases small or negative. The scope for CO2-emission reductions through the removal of subsidies to …
A Gateway to Payments for Ecosystem Services. Using Payments for Ecosystem Services for Livelihoods and Landscapes
… � Ash, N., and Jenkins, M.. 2007. Biodiversity and Poverty Reduction; the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem … to reach consensus on how to reduce greenhouse gas emission from deforestation and land degradation. Recommended … a multi-scale application of PES, and highlights reduce emission from deforestation and land degradation (REDD) as an …
Economic measures for biodiversity planning: An annotated bibliography of methods, experiences and cases
… macroeconomic factors such as population growth, poverty reduction, national income, economic growth, and foreign debt … London Economics, (1992), Economic Costs of Carbon Dioxide Reduction Strategies. Working Paper Series No III, Global … specialisation and exchange. This had resulted in a reduction of the number of crops grown over broad regions. …
Legal and institutional aspects of urban and peri-urban foresty and greening
… forest products and foodstuffs. Activities towards reduction of air pollution and other environmental … 1 defines "land degradation" and refers also to the reduction or loss, in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid … to the convention would give developed countries specific reduction targets. These targets could be met by reducing …
Review of laws, policies and economic instruments related to payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam
… Value-added Tax Corporate Income Tax It allows for the reduction or exemption of VAT on environmentally- beneficial … of the agricultural land use tax exemption and reduction 12. Circular No.112/2003/TT-BTC, 19/11/2003, … guiding the agricultural land use tax exemption and reduction from 2003 to 2010 and implementing Decree …
Payments for Ecosystem Services - Legal and Institutional Frameworks
… maintenance of base flows Flood prevention, peak flow reduction, landslide reduction Soil protection and control of erosion and … the distribution of the benefits from carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, but that law has not passed. 142 143 …
CITES and CBNRM. Proceedings of an international symposium on “The relevance of CBNRM to the conservation and sustainable use of CITES-listed species in exporting countries”
… the discussion about linking conservation with poverty reduction goals within CITES is far from new (see also Hutton … (“incentive measures”), sustainable management, reduction in illegal activities and effective enforcement … for instance under the Kyoto Protocol and Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation through …