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Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms

… together with lack of metering and payment problems, cause waste and undermine investment and efficiency. Subsidies … policies aimed at maintaining 6 7 employment in domestic energy industries such as coal mining. Such … rate of assistance ETR Ecological Tax Reform GDP gross domestic product GE general equilibrium model IEA …
22 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Review of laws, policies and economic instruments related to payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam

… store, biodiversity, scenic beauty Wetlands Flood control, waste treatment, water supplies, biodiversity Mangroves … purposes (Land Law 2003, Article 35.1). 3 Use rights of domestic and foreign commercial enterprises and overseas Viet Nam Land use rights that may be assigned to domestic commercial enterprises, foreign enterprises …
22 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Community - based incentives for nature conservation

… pit mining and the disposal of untreated agricultural and domestic wastes degrade natural systems as secondary effects … lead to nature degradation. Examples include untreated domestic waste, the use of hazardous or toxic chemicals or the …
22 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The environmental impact of economic incentives for agricultural production: a comparative law study

… cash crops for export at the expense of food crops for the domestic market. Setting aside the economic, social or … of catches; b) the setting aside of a fixed quota for domestic consumption to meet national food requirements … lakes and underground water, who discharge agricultural waste, used water or noxious substances. These taxes should …
22 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

CITES and CBNRM. Proceedings of an international symposium on “The relevance of CBNRM to the conservation and sustainable use of CITES-listed species in exporting countries”

… to the Convention is involved, even to apply stricter domestic measures. It is worth stressing that CITES advises the decision to apply stricter domestic measures in particular in regard to trade with non- … research on anacondas, avoid resource misuse and waste, and maximize local income in a manner that would …
22 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Economic measures for biodiversity planning: An annotated bibliography of methods, experiences and cases

… Trust Funds #47. Chomitz, K. M., & Kumari, K. (1998). 'The domestic benefits of tropical forests: a critical review', … Observer 13 (1):13-35 Protecting tropical forests yields domestic economic benefits. This paper reviews attempts at … wetlands in Korea, including fisheries, habitat functions, waste treatment services and aesthetic functions. It …
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Payments for Ecosystem Services - Legal and Institutional Frameworks

… environmental services (services related to sanitation and waste management which are provided by humans). The different … de Janeiro, and generates 80 per cent of Brazil’s gross domestic product. Coastal development, rapid urbanization, … elected every four years. In 2006, Colombia had a gross domestic product of US$113.3 billion ($3,229 per capita) and …
22 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX